Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a small, reactive oxygen species that is widely studied in chemistry, biology, and medicine.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a small, reactive oxygen species that is widely studied in chemistry, biology, and medicine. In living systems, it functions as both a signaling molecule and a mediator of oxidative stress. At low to moderate levels, H2O2 participates in redox signaling; at higher levels, it can damage lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and contribute to inflammation, tissue injury, and cell death. Because of this dual role, hydrogen peroxide is frequently used experimentally to model oxidative stress in cells and tissues, including neuronal, osteoblastic, and cardiomyocyte systems.
In biomedical research, hydrogen peroxide is also a central substrate and trigger in many catalytic and responsive platforms. Enzyme systems such as glucose oxidase (GOD) generate H2O2, while nanozymes, peroxidase-like materials, and Fenton-active metals use it to produce more reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals. This makes H2O2 important in cancer therapy, antibacterial treatment, wound healing, biosensing, and oxidative-stress biology. It is also a key biomarker in pathological states such as cancer, inflammation, diabetic wounds, and other redox-imbalanced conditions.
Where the papers sit
25 papers from the last 6 months study hydrogen peroxide directly · updated from PubMed 10 Oct 2026
Study type 0 clinical trials · 3 human data · 22 preclinical
Themes 4 themes
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ROS-Activated Tumor Nanotherapy
ROS-activated nanoplatforms are moving toward multimodal tumor treatment rather than single therapies. H2O2-responsive systems generate hydroxyl or chlorine radicals through Fenton-like catalysis, while copper platforms add cuproptosis to oxidative injury. Oxygen-boosted photodynamic therapy, radioimmunotherapy, chemiluminescence and immune activation recur across the designs. Hypoxia, tumor-selective activation and improved cellular delivery remain the main barriers to translation.
10 papers · 40%
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Oxidative Stress and Mitochondria
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are being targeted across Alzheimer disease, tissue injury and ferroptosis-related immunotherapy. Alzheimer-focused systems combine amyloid-β control with mitophagy, antioxidant activity and inflammatory remodeling, while phenoselenazine compounds target Aβ42 aggregation. Extract-based gut protection and hypoxia-responsive microbial systems extend the theme beyond neurodegeneration. The work remains exploratory and multi-target, without a settled therapeutic direction.
5 papers · 20%
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Others — Nanozyme and Sensor Applications
Copper- and iron-containing nanozymes are being used both to kill drug-resistant wound bacteria and to accelerate diabetic wound healing. Photothermal, photodynamic and peroxidase-like activities recur in these antimicrobial designs, especially against Staphylococcus aureus. Other entries shift toward portable cholesterol and glucose assays, plant-stress monitoring and ligand-engineered immunoassays. The group therefore shares catalytic nanomaterial engineering more than one biological or clinical question.
6 papers · 24%
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Others — Peroxide Efficacy and Detection
Peroxide research here centers on whether exposure produces reliable bleaching, disinfection or analytical signals. Dental studies test how mixing delay and violet or blue light affect bleaching efficacy, color change and pulp-chamber penetration. Contact-lens work compares neutralization and disinfection kinetics with povidone iodine, while nanozyme-SERS extends peroxide measurement to complex biological samples. The set links practical performance testing with sensitive detection rather than one clinical program.
4 papers · 16%
Papers
The 25 papers from the last 6 months that study hydrogen peroxide directly, newest first, by theme and by study type. Study types come from PubMed publication types and MeSH headings.
By theme
ROS-Activated Tumor Nanotherapy (10)
- H2O2-Responsive Nanocatalysts for Synergistic Hydroxyl and Chlorine Radical-Mediated Tumor Therapy. ACS applied materials & interfaces · 13 Aug 2026 PMID 42587445
- Electrostatically assembled gold nanocluster-enhanced porphyrinic metal-organic framework nanozymes for oxygen-boosted photodynamic therapy of hypoxic tumors. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology · 29 Jul 2026 PMID 42526281
- "Dual-lock"-controlled activatable nanotheranostics for chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET)-driven enhanced photoimmunotherapy. Journal of materials chemistry. B · 13 Jul 2026 PMID 42439123
- De Novo Lipid Switch Design for Reactive Oxygen Species-Triggered Liposomal Release. Bioconjugate chemistry · 26 Jun 2026 PMID 42359958
- Dual-quenched and redox-responsive gold nanoplatforms for tumor-specific multimodal theranostics. Nanoscale · 26 Jun 2026 PMID 42358224
- Bionic Copper-Piceatannol for Polyamine Depletion-Synergized Radioimmunotherapy. ACS applied materials & interfaces · 23 Jun 2026 PMID 42332425
- Biomimetic catalase-engineered black phosphorus nanosheets enhance photo-/radio-therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomedical materials (Bristol, England) · 17 Jun 2026 PMID 42306934
- An endoplasmic reticulum-directed ROS burst strategy powered by H2O2 abundance for chemodynamic/immuno tumor therapy. Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 16 Jun 2026 PMID 42300038
- CaO2-Powered Nanomotors with Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Lysosomal Escape for Cuproptosis and Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Synergistic Cancer Therapy. ACS applied materials & interfaces · 13 May 2026 PMID 42126988
- MicroRNA-Governed Autocatalytic Fenton Nanoplatform for Cancer-Selective Theranostics. ACS nano · 22 Apr 2026 PMID 42017828
Oxidative Stress and Mitochondria (5)
- Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel Phenoselenazine Derivatives as Potent Modulators of Aβ42 Aggregation. Journal of medicinal chemistry · 27 Jul 2026 PMID 42504619
- A Multitarget Nanosystem Loaded with Donepezil for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment by Activating Mitophagy and Reshaping the Inflammatory Microenvironment. ACS applied materials & interfaces · 13 Jul 2026 PMID 42441421
- An Engineered Microbial Nanohybrid for Enhanced Ferroptosis Immunotherapy via Hypoxia-Responsive Hydrogen Sulfide Generation and Mitophagy Inhibition. ACS nano · 5 Jun 2026 PMID 42246518
- Moringa oleifera leaf extract alleviates LPS-induced colonic injury in piglets by modulating oxidative status and microbial fermentation. Journal of the science of food and agriculture · 11 May 2026 PMID 42108531
- Five-in-One Neurodetoxification-Guardian-Type Near-Infrared Carbon Dots for Synergistic Blockade of Alzheimer's Disease Pathological Cascade. Analytical chemistry · 20 Apr 2026 PMID 42003377
Others — Nanozyme and Sensor Applications (6)
- Enhancing antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation through natural alkaloid-antiseptic synergy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of materials chemistry. B · 7 Sept 2026 PMID 42704220
- Implantable Hydrogel Electrochemical Sensor for Early Warning and Fingerprinting of Environmental Pollutant Stresses in Plants. Analytical chemistry · 20 Jul 2026 PMID 42476588
- Portable kits based on L-arginine modified Cu-CuFe2O4 with superior peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of cholesterol and glucose in human serum. Mikrochimica acta · 1 Jul 2026 PMID 42384177
- Machine Learning-Assisted Surface Ligand Engineering Strategy for Enhanced Sensitivity of Immunoassay Platform. Analytical chemistry · 5 Jun 2026 PMID 42246701
- A Polysaccharide-Based Iron-Curcumin Carbon Dot Hydrogel Dressing with Photothermal and Nanozyme Catalysis for Infected Wound Healing. ACS applied materials & interfaces · 8 May 2026 PMID 42099268
- Self-Cascading Copper-Based Nanoassemblies Trigger Bacterial Cuproptosis-Like Death and Promote Wound Healing for Diabetic Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections. ACS nano · 29 Apr 2026 PMID 42054707
Others — Peroxide Efficacy and Detection (4)
- Do bleaching gels supplied in attachable syringes maintain their bleaching efficacy 72 hours after mixing? Clinical oral investigations · 18 Aug 2026 PMID 42611085
- Effect of violet and blue light activation on in-office bleaching with 6% hydrogen peroxide: color change, penetration into the pulp chamber and bleaching gel stability. Lasers in medical science · 28 Jul 2026 PMID 42521933
- Comparison of neutralization and disinfection kinetics in povidone iodine- and hydrogen peroxide-based soft contact lens care solutions. Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 29 Jun 2026 PMID 42374155
- Hydrogel Microbead-Confined Nanozyme-SERS Sensor for Robust Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in Complex Biological Systems. ACS sensors · 9 Jun 2026 PMID 42263297
By study type
Human data, design not indexed (3)
- Portable kits based on L-arginine modified Cu-CuFe2O4 with superior peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of cholesterol and glucose in human serum. Mikrochimica acta · 1 Jul 2026 PMID 42384177
- Comparison of neutralization and disinfection kinetics in povidone iodine- and hydrogen peroxide-based soft contact lens care solutions. Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 29 Jun 2026 PMID 42374155
- Machine Learning-Assisted Surface Ligand Engineering Strategy for Enhanced Sensitivity of Immunoassay Platform. Analytical chemistry · 5 Jun 2026 PMID 42246701
Preclinical: animal, cell and lab studies (22)
- Enhancing antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation through natural alkaloid-antiseptic synergy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of materials chemistry. B · 7 Sept 2026 PMID 42704220
- Do bleaching gels supplied in attachable syringes maintain their bleaching efficacy 72 hours after mixing? Clinical oral investigations · 18 Aug 2026 PMID 42611085
- H2O2-Responsive Nanocatalysts for Synergistic Hydroxyl and Chlorine Radical-Mediated Tumor Therapy. ACS applied materials & interfaces · 13 Aug 2026 PMID 42587445
- Electrostatically assembled gold nanocluster-enhanced porphyrinic metal-organic framework nanozymes for oxygen-boosted photodynamic therapy of hypoxic tumors. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology · 29 Jul 2026 PMID 42526281
- Effect of violet and blue light activation on in-office bleaching with 6% hydrogen peroxide: color change, penetration into the pulp chamber and bleaching gel stability. Lasers in medical science · 28 Jul 2026 PMID 42521933
- Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel Phenoselenazine Derivatives as Potent Modulators of Aβ42 Aggregation. Journal of medicinal chemistry · 27 Jul 2026 PMID 42504619
- Implantable Hydrogel Electrochemical Sensor for Early Warning and Fingerprinting of Environmental Pollutant Stresses in Plants. Analytical chemistry · 20 Jul 2026 PMID 42476588
- A Multitarget Nanosystem Loaded with Donepezil for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment by Activating Mitophagy and Reshaping the Inflammatory Microenvironment. ACS applied materials & interfaces · 13 Jul 2026 PMID 42441421
- "Dual-lock"-controlled activatable nanotheranostics for chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET)-driven enhanced photoimmunotherapy. Journal of materials chemistry. B · 13 Jul 2026 PMID 42439123
- De Novo Lipid Switch Design for Reactive Oxygen Species-Triggered Liposomal Release. Bioconjugate chemistry · 26 Jun 2026 PMID 42359958
- Dual-quenched and redox-responsive gold nanoplatforms for tumor-specific multimodal theranostics. Nanoscale · 26 Jun 2026 PMID 42358224
- Bionic Copper-Piceatannol for Polyamine Depletion-Synergized Radioimmunotherapy. ACS applied materials & interfaces · 23 Jun 2026 PMID 42332425
- Biomimetic catalase-engineered black phosphorus nanosheets enhance photo-/radio-therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomedical materials (Bristol, England) · 17 Jun 2026 PMID 42306934
- An endoplasmic reticulum-directed ROS burst strategy powered by H2O2 abundance for chemodynamic/immuno tumor therapy. Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 16 Jun 2026 PMID 42300038
- Hydrogel Microbead-Confined Nanozyme-SERS Sensor for Robust Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in Complex Biological Systems. ACS sensors · 9 Jun 2026 PMID 42263297
- An Engineered Microbial Nanohybrid for Enhanced Ferroptosis Immunotherapy via Hypoxia-Responsive Hydrogen Sulfide Generation and Mitophagy Inhibition. ACS nano · 5 Jun 2026 PMID 42246518
- CaO2-Powered Nanomotors with Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Lysosomal Escape for Cuproptosis and Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Synergistic Cancer Therapy. ACS applied materials & interfaces · 13 May 2026 PMID 42126988
- Moringa oleifera leaf extract alleviates LPS-induced colonic injury in piglets by modulating oxidative status and microbial fermentation. Journal of the science of food and agriculture · 11 May 2026 PMID 42108531
- A Polysaccharide-Based Iron-Curcumin Carbon Dot Hydrogel Dressing with Photothermal and Nanozyme Catalysis for Infected Wound Healing. ACS applied materials & interfaces · 8 May 2026 PMID 42099268
- Self-Cascading Copper-Based Nanoassemblies Trigger Bacterial Cuproptosis-Like Death and Promote Wound Healing for Diabetic Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections. ACS nano · 29 Apr 2026 PMID 42054707
- MicroRNA-Governed Autocatalytic Fenton Nanoplatform for Cancer-Selective Theranostics. ACS nano · 22 Apr 2026 PMID 42017828
- Five-in-One Neurodetoxification-Guardian-Type Near-Infrared Carbon Dots for Synergistic Blockade of Alzheimer's Disease Pathological Cascade. Analytical chemistry · 20 Apr 2026 PMID 42003377
Written from 25 PubMed abstracts, each one listed by PMID above. Published: 2026-06-18. Last written: 2026-08-26 by GPT. Drafted by language models from published abstracts; not medical advice.