Glucose
Glucose is a simple sugar and one of the most important carbohydrates in biology.
Glucose is a simple sugar and one of the most important carbohydrates in biology. It serves as a primary energy source for cells and is central to carbohydrate metabolism, glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and broader metabolic regulation. In medical and biochemical contexts, glucose is also a key analyte because its uptake, release, and utilization reflect nutritional status, tissue metabolism, and disease-associated metabolic reprogramming.
Beyond its role as a circulating fuel, glucose is relevant in food science, plant biology, microbiology, and cancer research. It can influence taste quality in foods, support microbial and algal growth under experimental conditions, and participate in disease mechanisms involving altered glucose metabolism. Recent studies have also linked glucose-related metabolic changes to cancer immune resistance, glaucoma risk, and metabolic adaptation during caloric restriction and fasting-refeeding cycles.
Where the papers sit
31 papers from the last 6 months study glucose directly · updated from PubMed 11 Oct 2026
Study type 1 clinical trial · 2 observational · 16 human data · 12 preclinical
Themes one subject · 2 paradigm shifts
Those 31 are all about one subject.
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Glucose Monitoring and Biosensing
Glucose monitoring spans clinical risk assessment, fermentation control, wearable sensing and point-of-care diagnostics. Noninvasive spectroscopy, smartphone-linked assays, microneedle patches and flexible electrochemical or optical platforms seek faster, less invasive measurement. Glucose-responsive insulin delivery and diabetic-wound materials extend sensing toward therapeutic control. Clinical studies connect hyperglycaemia with later diabetes and glucose dysregulation with diabetic complications, while no single sensing platform yet dominates.
Glycemia cannot be adequately represented by scalar levels or aggregate summaries alone
The empirical transition-probability analysis of continuous glucose monitoring data from the Insulin-Only Bionic Pancreas 2 trial and the mixed-meal study of adults with abdominal obesity both challenge the assumption that glucose behavior is sufficiently captured by averages, variability, time-in-range, or area-under-the-curve measures. The first retains the sequence of transitions between glycemic states, while the second finds that the timing and presence of postprandial peaks and dips can vary independently of glucose area under the curve. Glucose analysis therefore needs to treat temporal structure and trajectory shape as information in their own right, rather than as incidental detail 42837410Oct 42166654May.
Glucose sensing is not intrinsically dependent on glucose oxidase
The histidine-derived carbon-dot-decorated Fe3O4 nanoparticle sensor and the glucose-responsive hydrogel microneedle patch independently demonstrate enzyme-free glucose detection through different mechanisms. The nanoparticle system uses glucose in a direct catalytic reaction that produces a fluorescent product, whereas the microneedle system converts glucose-responsive swelling into an acoustically read signal without enzymatic oxidation. These findings establish nonenzymatic chemistry and physical transduction as competing routes to glucose monitoring, potentially avoiding the stability and durability constraints attributed to enzymatic continuous glucose monitoring 42401458Jul 42066084May.
Papers
The 31 papers from the last 6 months that study glucose directly, newest first, by theme and by study type. Study types come from PubMed publication types and MeSH headings.
By theme
Glucose Monitoring and Biosensing (31)
- Empirical transition probability modeling of continuous glucose monitoring data. PloS one · 6 Oct 2026 PMID 42837410
- Association of hyperglycaemia during pregnancy with future risk of type 2 diabetes among women: a nested case-control study using a US health administrative database. BMJ open · 16 Sept 2026 PMID 42749367
- Regulatory Effects and Mechanisms of Dissolved Oxygen on Xylitol Biosynthesis from Glucose by Zygoascus hellenicus B11. Current microbiology · 15 Sept 2026 PMID 42736391
- Structure-Regulated Silk Fibroin Microneedle Patches for Minimally Invasive Glucose-Responsive Colorimetric Sensing. ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 14 Sept 2026 PMID 42733204
- Beyond conventional glucose assays: a dual smartphone-Arduino point-of-care diagnostic platform based on Fe-Zn bimetallic nanozymes. Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications · 1 Sept 2026 PMID 42677859
- Mussel-Inspired Membrane Encapsulation Strategy for Developing Long-Acting Glucose-Responsive Injectable Insulin Crystals. Journal of the American Chemical Society · 20 Aug 2026 PMID 42619117
- Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using mμSORS: A Population-Based Validation Study Across Diverse Patient Variability. Journal of diabetes science and technology · 18 Aug 2026 PMID 42610662
- Development of a chemometric platform for mid-infrared fermentation monitoring. Scientific reports · 17 Aug 2026 PMID 42608421
- Zr-MOF Cascade Nanoreactor Accelerates Chronic Diabetic Wound Healing via Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Remodeling. Nano letters · 12 Aug 2026 PMID 42584271
- Molecular rivet-enhanced in situ polymerized nonconventional luminescent hydrogels for rapid and sensitive biosensing. Analytica chimica acta · 7 Aug 2026 PMID 42567616
- An explainable machine learning model for predicting in-hospital infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Renal failure · 5 Aug 2026 PMID 42557059
- Electric-Field Pixel Array Biosensor for Catalytic Ion Detection in Diabetic Nephropathy. ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 27 Jul 2026 PMID 42504484
- Conformal L012-Gold Nanoparticles/Laser-Induced Graphene Interfaces-Based Flexible Electrochemiluminescence Array for Multiplexed Detection of Sweat Metabolites. Analytical chemistry · 27 Jul 2026 PMID 42503751
- VDAC1 O-GlcNAcylation Promotes mtDNA Release and Activates ZBP1-Dependent Neuroinflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes · 20 Jul 2026 PMID 42474271
- A dual colorimetric and fluorescent sensor for non-enzymatic glucose detection via catalytic reaction with o-phenylenediamine mediated by carbon dot-decorated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Analytica chimica acta · 4 Jul 2026 PMID 42401458
- Chemiluminescence functionalized magnetic nanoparticles-based biosensor for sensitive detection of glucose, uric acid, and cholesterol. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2 Jul 2026 PMID 42393242
- Mortality among patients with diabetic foot ulcers and its relationship with Wagner classification and glucose regulation. The National medical journal of India · 22 Jun 2026 PMID 42325033
- Bioinspired catecholamine-derived AuNPs@polynorepinephrine@MWCNT electroactive nanomaterial for real-time monitoring of glucose dynamics. Mikrochimica acta · 17 Jun 2026 PMID 42307818
- A dual-microneedle system for integrated continuous glucose monitoring and feedback insulin delivery. International journal of pharmaceutics · 12 Jun 2026 PMID 42285381
- A Comparison of the Effects of the Timing of Resistance Exercise on Glucose Levels Within the Target Range in People With Type 1 Diabetes (TREX Study): A Randomized Crossover Trial. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 10 Jun 2026 PMID 42265980
- Artificial Intelligence-Supported Colorimetric Multibiomarker Sensor to Enable Critical Neonatal Monitoring. ACS sensors · 28 May 2026 PMID 42205010
- The correlation between height and assay parameters in children with short stature. Medicine · 23 May 2026 PMID 42175428
- Heterogeneity in postprandial glucose-insulin and triacylglycerol dynamics and associations with plasma metabolome and body composition in obesity. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 21 May 2026 PMID 42166654
- Interfacial impedance engineering in ionic hydrogels for integrated enzymatic and electrophysiological sensing. Biosensors & bioelectronics · 17 May 2026 PMID 42143895
- A platform for near real-time and multiplexed monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and flow in neurocritical care. Science translational medicine · 13 May 2026 PMID 42127221
- A smart closed-loop microneedle system for self-regulated blood glucose management. Biosensors & bioelectronics · 12 May 2026 PMID 42119159
- Fungal-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Porostereum spadiceum and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology · 7 May 2026 PMID 42097278
- Augmenting ultrasound for continuous glucose monitoring via a wearable acoustically readable microneedle patch. Science advances · 1 May 2026 PMID 42066084
- An integrated wearable microfluidic electrochemical/colorimetric intelligent sensing platform for comprehensive sweat analysis. Biosensors & bioelectronics · 30 Apr 2026 PMID 42061345
- Single-Step Aerosol-Assisted Plasma Deposition of Biocomposite Glucose Oxidase/Poly(ethylene oxide) Films for Biosensing Applications. ACS applied materials & interfaces · 23 Apr 2026 PMID 42021452
- Time-Gated Fluorescent Aptamer Sensors Eliminate Autofluorescence during Continuous Molecular Detection in Complex Biological Matrices. ACS sensors · 22 Apr 2026 PMID 42017428
By study type
Clinical trials (1)
- A Comparison of the Effects of the Timing of Resistance Exercise on Glucose Levels Within the Target Range in People With Type 1 Diabetes (TREX Study): A Randomized Crossover Trial. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 10 Jun 2026 PMID 42265980
Observational studies and case reports (2)
- Association of hyperglycaemia during pregnancy with future risk of type 2 diabetes among women: a nested case-control study using a US health administrative database. BMJ open · 16 Sept 2026 PMID 42749367
- The correlation between height and assay parameters in children with short stature. Medicine · 23 May 2026 PMID 42175428
Human data, design not indexed (16)
- Empirical transition probability modeling of continuous glucose monitoring data. PloS one · 6 Oct 2026 PMID 42837410
- Beyond conventional glucose assays: a dual smartphone-Arduino point-of-care diagnostic platform based on Fe-Zn bimetallic nanozymes. Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications · 1 Sept 2026 PMID 42677859
- Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using mμSORS: A Population-Based Validation Study Across Diverse Patient Variability. Journal of diabetes science and technology · 18 Aug 2026 PMID 42610662
- Molecular rivet-enhanced in situ polymerized nonconventional luminescent hydrogels for rapid and sensitive biosensing. Analytica chimica acta · 7 Aug 2026 PMID 42567616
- An explainable machine learning model for predicting in-hospital infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Renal failure · 5 Aug 2026 PMID 42557059
- Electric-Field Pixel Array Biosensor for Catalytic Ion Detection in Diabetic Nephropathy. ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 27 Jul 2026 PMID 42504484
- Conformal L012-Gold Nanoparticles/Laser-Induced Graphene Interfaces-Based Flexible Electrochemiluminescence Array for Multiplexed Detection of Sweat Metabolites. Analytical chemistry · 27 Jul 2026 PMID 42503751
- Chemiluminescence functionalized magnetic nanoparticles-based biosensor for sensitive detection of glucose, uric acid, and cholesterol. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2 Jul 2026 PMID 42393242
- Mortality among patients with diabetic foot ulcers and its relationship with Wagner classification and glucose regulation. The National medical journal of India · 22 Jun 2026 PMID 42325033
- Bioinspired catecholamine-derived AuNPs@polynorepinephrine@MWCNT electroactive nanomaterial for real-time monitoring of glucose dynamics. Mikrochimica acta · 17 Jun 2026 PMID 42307818
- Artificial Intelligence-Supported Colorimetric Multibiomarker Sensor to Enable Critical Neonatal Monitoring. ACS sensors · 28 May 2026 PMID 42205010
- Heterogeneity in postprandial glucose-insulin and triacylglycerol dynamics and associations with plasma metabolome and body composition in obesity. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 21 May 2026 PMID 42166654
- Interfacial impedance engineering in ionic hydrogels for integrated enzymatic and electrophysiological sensing. Biosensors & bioelectronics · 17 May 2026 PMID 42143895
- A platform for near real-time and multiplexed monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and flow in neurocritical care. Science translational medicine · 13 May 2026 PMID 42127221
- An integrated wearable microfluidic electrochemical/colorimetric intelligent sensing platform for comprehensive sweat analysis. Biosensors & bioelectronics · 30 Apr 2026 PMID 42061345
- Time-Gated Fluorescent Aptamer Sensors Eliminate Autofluorescence during Continuous Molecular Detection in Complex Biological Matrices. ACS sensors · 22 Apr 2026 PMID 42017428
Preclinical: animal, cell and lab studies (12)
- Regulatory Effects and Mechanisms of Dissolved Oxygen on Xylitol Biosynthesis from Glucose by Zygoascus hellenicus B11. Current microbiology · 15 Sept 2026 PMID 42736391
- Structure-Regulated Silk Fibroin Microneedle Patches for Minimally Invasive Glucose-Responsive Colorimetric Sensing. ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 14 Sept 2026 PMID 42733204
- Mussel-Inspired Membrane Encapsulation Strategy for Developing Long-Acting Glucose-Responsive Injectable Insulin Crystals. Journal of the American Chemical Society · 20 Aug 2026 PMID 42619117
- Development of a chemometric platform for mid-infrared fermentation monitoring. Scientific reports · 17 Aug 2026 PMID 42608421
- Zr-MOF Cascade Nanoreactor Accelerates Chronic Diabetic Wound Healing via Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Remodeling. Nano letters · 12 Aug 2026 PMID 42584271
- VDAC1 O-GlcNAcylation Promotes mtDNA Release and Activates ZBP1-Dependent Neuroinflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes · 20 Jul 2026 PMID 42474271
- A dual colorimetric and fluorescent sensor for non-enzymatic glucose detection via catalytic reaction with o-phenylenediamine mediated by carbon dot-decorated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Analytica chimica acta · 4 Jul 2026 PMID 42401458
- A dual-microneedle system for integrated continuous glucose monitoring and feedback insulin delivery. International journal of pharmaceutics · 12 Jun 2026 PMID 42285381
- A smart closed-loop microneedle system for self-regulated blood glucose management. Biosensors & bioelectronics · 12 May 2026 PMID 42119159
- Fungal-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Porostereum spadiceum and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology · 7 May 2026 PMID 42097278
- Augmenting ultrasound for continuous glucose monitoring via a wearable acoustically readable microneedle patch. Science advances · 1 May 2026 PMID 42066084
- Single-Step Aerosol-Assisted Plasma Deposition of Biocomposite Glucose Oxidase/Poly(ethylene oxide) Films for Biosensing Applications. ACS applied materials & interfaces · 23 Apr 2026 PMID 42021452
Written from 31 PubMed abstracts, each one listed by PMID above. Published: 2026-07-02. Drafted by language models from published abstracts; not medical advice.