Proinflammatory cytokine

Where the papers sit

56 papers from the last 6 months study proinflammatory cytokine directly · updated from PubMed 12 Oct 2026

• Inflammatory Pathway Modulation

  IL-1β, COX-2, NF-κB, oxidative stress and NLRP3 recur across obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, neuroinflammation, skin injury and metabolic disease. Natural products and gut-derived metabolites are being linked to multi-target anti-inflammatory effects, often through network pharmacology, docking and experimental validation. Delivery strategies such as oral anti-TNF-α Pickering emulsions aim to improve treatment of ulcerative colitis. Evidence remains uneven, with mechanistic associations stronger than clinical proof.

  18 papers · 32.1%

• Cytokine Profiles in Disease

  IL-6, IL-8, CXCL8, CCL2 and IFNG are being used to connect inflammation with liver dysfunction, cancer spread, infection severity and reproductive aging. Profiles increasingly support risk stratification, including short-term outcomes in pediatric pneumonia and severity assessment in scrub typhus. Tumor-educated macrophages and MMP-9 link cytokine signaling to metastatic colonization and matrix remodeling. Multiplex platforms are emerging, but whether cytokine signatures improve decisions beyond routine clinical measures remains open.

  9 papers · 16.1%

• Systemic Inflammation Biomarkers

  Composite inflammatory indices and circulating cytokines are being tied to sepsis, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, psoriatic arthritis, hemodialysis outcomes and pregnancy complications. The Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation and CALLY index offer simple measures of disease activity or risk. Multiplex immunochromatographic and immunosorbent assays move sepsis testing toward rapid bedside use. Heterogeneous populations and retrospective designs still limit agreement on the most reliable marker.

  8 papers · 14.3%

• Neuroinflammation in Ischemic Stroke

  TLR4/NF-κB, IL-17A, IL-1β, NETs and TGF-β1/Smad3 recur as targets in cerebral ischemia, venous thrombosis and post-stroke injury. Astaxanthin, yangyin formula and tanshinone-related compounds are being tested to reduce neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory damage. Blocking IL-1β improves meningeal lymphatic dysfunction, while multi-omics seeks biomarkers for patient stratification. Translation remains limited by predominantly preclinical evidence and incomplete definition of sex-specific effects.

  8 papers · 14.3%

• Tumor Immune Microenvironment

  Cytokine signaling, macrophage state and tumor metabolism are being connected to prognosis and therapeutic response across lung, renal, squamous and brain cancers. IL-6/JAK2/STAT3, tumor-expressed C-reactive protein and senescent macrophage glutamine reprogramming provide candidate biomarkers or invasion mechanisms. Targeted TNF aims to turn cold tumors hot for bispecific T-cell engagers, while GLUT3 engineering improves CAR-T metabolic fitness. Single-cell and transcriptomic analyses are pushing immune-contexture measures toward molecularly guided treatment.

  8 papers · 14.3%

• Others — Wound Infection and Cancer

  Wound care and infection detection sit beside exploratory breast-cancer compounds and tuberculosis risk during TNF-α inhibition. Hyperbaric oxygen and immune-regulating hydrogels address difficult wound healing, while procalcitonin and IL-6 support early infection assessment. Apigenin and related flavonoids are being evaluated mainly through molecular screening and pathway analysis. The cluster has no single therapeutic direction.

  5 papers · 8.9%