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Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)

KDR, also known as Kinase Insert Domain-containing Receptor or VEGFR2, is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a critical role in vascular development and angiogenesis.

Where the papers sit

24 papers from the last 6 months study Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) directly · updated from PubMed 5 Oct 2026

Study type 3 clinical trials · 1 observational · 2 human data · 16 preclinical · 2 unclassified

Themes one subject · 1 paradigm shift

Those 24 are all about one subject.

  • Antiangiogenic Therapy Development

    Small-molecule VEGFR2 inhibition remains central, spanning structure-guided discovery, multi-target inhibitor design, and clinical treatment comparisons. Sorafenib, fruquintinib, ramucirumab, and fruquintinib–TAS-102 combinations recur across cancer studies, while HIF-2α and VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling provide complementary strategies and response markers. Ocular applications extend this approach to wet age-related macular degeneration, neovascular glaucoma, and retinal vascular dysfunction. The field is moving toward biomarker-defined treatment selection, but efficacy and resistance remain disease-specific.

    24 papers

PARADIGM SHIFT

VEGFR-directed therapy is not uniformly durable because treatment can provoke or expose compensatory routes to progression

The gastric-cancer models treated with PB101 and the cross-species renal-cell-carcinoma analysis of VEGFR-inhibitor and immunotherapy responses both depart from an assumption of sustained benefit from VEGF/VEGFR blockade. In gastric cancer, VEGF-A/VEGFR-2-directed therapies eventually fail through compensation by VEGF-B and placental growth factor, whereas the RCC study found that chronic treatment promoted metastatic spread and implicated SPP1-positive tumor-associated macrophages in therapeutic adaptation. Together, these findings shift the therapeutic implication from simply inhibiting VEGFR2 to anticipating treatment-induced or treatment-selected escape mechanisms and targeting the compensatory biology that sustains progression 42049328Apr 42442342Jul.

Papers

The 24 papers from the last 6 months that study Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) directly, newest first, by theme and by study type. Study types come from PubMed publication types and MeSH headings.

By theme

Antiangiogenic Therapy Development (24)
  1. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of quinolin-2-one/thiazole hybrids as multi-targeted antiproliferative agents inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis. Scientific reports · 7 Sept 2026 PMID 42706361
  2. Sorafenib/piroxicam therapy with biomarker-defined survival benefit in canine muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. Scientific reports · 2 Sept 2026 PMID 42680778
  3. Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis of Gut Microbiota-Associated Metabolites and Related Host Molecular Signatures in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 25 Aug 2026 PMID 42640410
  4. In silico and in vitro evaluation of new sulfonamide derivatives as VEGFR-2 inhibitors for cancer therapy. Future medicinal chemistry · 25 Aug 2026 PMID 42639921
  5. Computational identification of potential VEGFR2 inhibitors using integrated pharmacophore modeling, QSAR analysis, molecular docking, dynamics simulation, and virtual screening followed by in vitro bioassays. Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 21 Aug 2026 PMID 42629463
  6. Matching-adjusted indirect comparison of fruquintinib versus ramucirumab in advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 12 Aug 2026 PMID 42583940
  7. Combining fruquintinib with TAS-102 as a promising strategy: antitumor activity in preclinical colorectal and gastric cancer xenograft models. BMC cancer · 31 Jul 2026 PMID 42533327
  8. Targeting myoferlin by 6-shogaol inhibition regulates hyperglycemia-induced retinal vascular dysfunction. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · 18 Jul 2026 PMID 42470951
  9. Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of benzofuran derivatives as dual TGF-βR1 and VEGFR2 inhibitors for potent antitumor therapy. Bioorganic chemistry · 16 Jul 2026 PMID 42462521
  10. Multi-omics fusion with machine learning enables robust prediction of treatment response in ovarian cancer for precision population health. NPJ digital medicine · 13 Jul 2026 PMID 42443519
  11. Starved of oxygen and fueled by macrophages: Path to progression in RCC. Cancer cell · 13 Jul 2026 PMID 42442342
  12. Benzimidazole-Based VEGFR-2 Inhibitors Inspired by Sorafenib: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Mechanistic Insights. Drug development research · 1 Jul 2026 PMID 42381467
  13. Intraocular delivery of crystalline sorafenib provides sustained, potent inhibition of wet age-related macular degeneration. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 18 Jun 2026 PMID 42314988
  14. First Discovery of the Dual-Functional Inhibitor Targeting VEGFR/PDGFR/CA II for the Treatment of Neovascular Glaucoma. Journal of medicinal chemistry · 17 Jun 2026 PMID 42308467
  15. Discovery of Casdatifan, Part II: A Potent and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-2α. Journal of medicinal chemistry · 5 Jun 2026 PMID 42246926
  16. Role of VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling in predicting clinical outcomes of EGFR-TKI treatment in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. British journal of cancer · 2 Jun 2026 PMID 42231027
  17. Integrated Network Pharmacology and Machine Learning to Reveal the Mechanisms of Schisandrin A Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 1 Jun 2026 PMID 42220063
  18. Applying artificial intelligence and machine learning framework for de novo design of pyrazole-based VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Journal of molecular graphics & modelling · 28 May 2026 PMID 42208487
  19. Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of Intensive Systolic Blood Pressure Control in Patients With Renal Cell or Thyroid Cancer Receiving VEGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: ECOG-ACRIN EAQ191. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 20 May 2026 PMID 42158981
  20. In-silico prediction of multi‑target mechanisms of Pinellia ternata phytochemicals in lung cancer: Evidence from a graph‑attention‑guided virtual screening and multi‑scale simulations. PloS one · 18 May 2026 PMID 42149884
  21. FRUQUITAS trial: Study design of an ENGIC intergroup randomized phase III of trifluridine/tipiracil +/- fruquintinib in pre-treated metastatic gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver · 10 May 2026 PMID 42108156
  22. Quinoxaline-based scaffolds as dual VEGFR-2/EGFR kinase inhibitors and apoptotic inducers: Design, synthesis, anticancer evaluation, and in silico study. Bioorganic chemistry · 29 Apr 2026 PMID 42054875
  23. Therapeutic Efficacy of PB101 and Chemotherapy Combination in Preclinical Gastric Cancer Models. Anticancer research · 28 Apr 2026 PMID 42049328
  24. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Indolin-2-One-Matrine Derivatives as Potential VEGFR-2-Targeting Agents for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ChemMedChem · 26 Apr 2026 PMID 42035223

By study type

Clinical trials (3)
  1. Matching-adjusted indirect comparison of fruquintinib versus ramucirumab in advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 12 Aug 2026 PMID 42583940
  2. Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of Intensive Systolic Blood Pressure Control in Patients With Renal Cell or Thyroid Cancer Receiving VEGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: ECOG-ACRIN EAQ191. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 20 May 2026 PMID 42158981
  3. FRUQUITAS trial: Study design of an ENGIC intergroup randomized phase III of trifluridine/tipiracil +/- fruquintinib in pre-treated metastatic gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver · 10 May 2026 PMID 42108156
Observational studies and case reports (1)
  1. Role of VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling in predicting clinical outcomes of EGFR-TKI treatment in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. British journal of cancer · 2 Jun 2026 PMID 42231027
Human data, design not indexed (2)
  1. Applying artificial intelligence and machine learning framework for de novo design of pyrazole-based VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Journal of molecular graphics & modelling · 28 May 2026 PMID 42208487
  2. In-silico prediction of multi‑target mechanisms of Pinellia ternata phytochemicals in lung cancer: Evidence from a graph‑attention‑guided virtual screening and multi‑scale simulations. PloS one · 18 May 2026 PMID 42149884
Preclinical: animal, cell and lab studies (16)
  1. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of quinolin-2-one/thiazole hybrids as multi-targeted antiproliferative agents inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis. Scientific reports · 7 Sept 2026 PMID 42706361
  2. Sorafenib/piroxicam therapy with biomarker-defined survival benefit in canine muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. Scientific reports · 2 Sept 2026 PMID 42680778
  3. In silico and in vitro evaluation of new sulfonamide derivatives as VEGFR-2 inhibitors for cancer therapy. Future medicinal chemistry · 25 Aug 2026 PMID 42639921
  4. Computational identification of potential VEGFR2 inhibitors using integrated pharmacophore modeling, QSAR analysis, molecular docking, dynamics simulation, and virtual screening followed by in vitro bioassays. Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 21 Aug 2026 PMID 42629463
  5. Combining fruquintinib with TAS-102 as a promising strategy: antitumor activity in preclinical colorectal and gastric cancer xenograft models. BMC cancer · 31 Jul 2026 PMID 42533327
  6. Targeting myoferlin by 6-shogaol inhibition regulates hyperglycemia-induced retinal vascular dysfunction. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · 18 Jul 2026 PMID 42470951
  7. Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of benzofuran derivatives as dual TGF-βR1 and VEGFR2 inhibitors for potent antitumor therapy. Bioorganic chemistry · 16 Jul 2026 PMID 42462521
  8. Starved of oxygen and fueled by macrophages: Path to progression in RCC. Cancer cell · 13 Jul 2026 PMID 42442342
  9. Benzimidazole-Based VEGFR-2 Inhibitors Inspired by Sorafenib: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Mechanistic Insights. Drug development research · 1 Jul 2026 PMID 42381467
  10. Intraocular delivery of crystalline sorafenib provides sustained, potent inhibition of wet age-related macular degeneration. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 18 Jun 2026 PMID 42314988
  11. First Discovery of the Dual-Functional Inhibitor Targeting VEGFR/PDGFR/CA II for the Treatment of Neovascular Glaucoma. Journal of medicinal chemistry · 17 Jun 2026 PMID 42308467
  12. Discovery of Casdatifan, Part II: A Potent and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-2α. Journal of medicinal chemistry · 5 Jun 2026 PMID 42246926
  13. Integrated Network Pharmacology and Machine Learning to Reveal the Mechanisms of Schisandrin A Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 1 Jun 2026 PMID 42220063
  14. Quinoxaline-based scaffolds as dual VEGFR-2/EGFR kinase inhibitors and apoptotic inducers: Design, synthesis, anticancer evaluation, and in silico study. Bioorganic chemistry · 29 Apr 2026 PMID 42054875
  15. Therapeutic Efficacy of PB101 and Chemotherapy Combination in Preclinical Gastric Cancer Models. Anticancer research · 28 Apr 2026 PMID 42049328
  16. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Indolin-2-One-Matrine Derivatives as Potential VEGFR-2-Targeting Agents for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ChemMedChem · 26 Apr 2026 PMID 42035223
Unclassified: not yet indexed with MeSH (2)
  1. Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis of Gut Microbiota-Associated Metabolites and Related Host Molecular Signatures in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 25 Aug 2026 PMID 42640410
  2. Multi-omics fusion with machine learning enables robust prediction of treatment response in ovarian cancer for precision population health. NPJ digital medicine · 13 Jul 2026 PMID 42443519
bioLLM/wiki is a literature-navigation aid for people who read primary research. It is not a medical resource, and it is not a substitute for a clinician, a pharmacist or the source papers themselves. Because the articles are drafted by language models, they can be incomplete or wrong in ways that read fluently. Please see the editorial policy and medical disclaimer before relying on anything here.

Written from 24 PubMed abstracts, each one listed by PMID above. Published: 2026-07-10. Last written: 2026-08-27 by GPT. Drafted by language models from published abstracts; not medical advice.