Capecitabine
Capecitabine is an orally administered prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a fluoropyrimidine antimetabolite widely used in oncology.
Capecitabine is an orally administered prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a fluoropyrimidine antimetabolite widely used in oncology. Following absorption, capecitabine undergoes a sequential three-step enzymatic conversion — first in the liver and then preferentially within tumor tissue — culminating in the release of active 5-FU. This tumor-preferential activation is mediated by thymidine phosphorylase, which is overexpressed in many malignancies, thereby concentrating cytotoxic activity preferentially at the tumor site, although normal tissues are also affected. Once converted to 5-FU, the drug inhibits thymidylate synthase, disrupting DNA synthesis and inducing cell death in rapidly proliferating cancer cells. Capecitabine is approved for the treatment of multiple solid tumors, including colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and breast cancer, and is frequently combined with platinum-based agents, targeted therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors to enhance efficacy.
As a cornerstone of combination regimens, capecitabine offers the practical advantage of oral administration over intravenous 5-FU infusion, improving patient convenience and quality of life. Its combination with oxaliplatin — commonly designated CAPOX or XELOX — is a standard-of-care backbone in gastric, gastro-oesophageal junction (GEJ), and colorectal cancers. The drug is also employed in maintenance and frailty-adapted dosing strategies, reflecting its versatility across diverse patient populations and disease stages.
Where the papers sit
18 papers from the last 6 months study capecitabine directly · updated from PubMed 3 Oct 2026
Study type 4 clinical trials · 8 observational · 4 human data · 2 preclinical
Themes 4 themes
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Fluoropyrimidine Therapy Optimization
Fluoropyrimidine therapy is moving toward dose tailoring, biomarker selection, and improved delivery across difficult solid tumors. DPYD variants and hemodialysis alter exposure and toxicity, while HER2-directed trastuzumab combinations seek tolerable treatment for frail gastric cancer patients. PARG-dependent RAD51AP1 stabilization identifies a potential mechanism of homologous-recombination-mediated chemoresistance. Lipid formulations and molecularly selected S-1 use broaden the effort beyond conventional dosing.
6 papers · 33.3%
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Perioperative Pancreatic Cancer Therapy
Neoadjuvant gemcitabine plus S-1 is being judged by recurrence-free survival and the ability to maintain perioperative dose intensity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Nutritional change and chemotherapy-induced stromal remodeling are recurring determinants of treatment delivery and tumor behavior. Organotypic models add a mechanistic view of cancer-associated fibroblast responses. PRRT with CAPTEM extends the treatment question to pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, leaving regimen selection disease-specific.
4 papers · 22.2%
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Oral Chemotherapy Support
Side-effect perception is being linked to safer self-management of oral anticancer therapy. Predictive models target unplanned acute care, while nutritional support during adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy is assessed against long-term outcomes and dose delivery. Gastrectomy patients recur as a setting where postoperative complications and acceptability shape treatment. The emphasis is shifting from prescribing alone toward monitoring, education, and practical support.
3 papers · 16.7%
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Others — Fluoropyrimidine Treatment Across Cancers
Fluoropyrimidines are being tested in maintenance, adjuvant, induction, and metastatic settings across breast, pancreatic, and nasopharyngeal cancers. In breast cancer, capecitabine is compared with fulvestrant and examined in early TNBC with BRCAm, while DPYD testing is weighed for safety and cost. S-1 and capecitabine combinations with taxanes or cisplatin target locally advanced disease. The varied endpoints—survival, recurrence, toxicity, and economic value—do not establish a single treatment direction.
5 papers · 27.8%
Papers
The 18 papers from the last 6 months that study capecitabine directly, newest first, by theme and by study type. Study types come from PubMed publication types and MeSH headings.
By theme
Fluoropyrimidine Therapy Optimization (6)
- Efficacy of S-1 Monotherapy for Salivary Duct Carcinoma With MYC Amplification. In vivo (Athens, Greece) · 28 Aug 2026 PMID 42665401
- A rare variant in DPYD c.812delT causes severe adverse events of S-1 in a patient with tongue cancer. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 3 Aug 2026 PMID 42545499
- Dual-drug-loaded lipid-based formulation for colon cancer therapeutics: in vitro optimization and characterization. Drug development and industrial pharmacy · 17 Jul 2026 PMID 42467220
- PARG Governs a PARylation-Ubiquitination Toggle that Stabilizes RAD51AP1 to Drive Homologous Recombination-Mediated Chemoresistance. Cancer research · 18 Jun 2026 PMID 42314057
- Pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenomic profile of capecitabine and oxaliplatin in a patient with gastric cancer undergoing hemodialysis: a case report. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 13 May 2026 PMID 42126571
- Alternate-day Capecitabine Plus Trastuzumab for Frail HER2-positive Gastric Cancer: A Pilot Case Series. In vivo (Athens, Greece) · 28 Apr 2026 PMID 42049427
Perioperative Pancreatic Cancer Therapy (4)
- Neoadjuvant Gemcitabine Plus S-1 for Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Propensity Score-matched Study. Anticancer research · 31 Aug 2026 PMID 42674690
- Perioperative Nutritional Changes Predict Adjuvant S-1 Dose Intensity in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer. In vivo (Athens, Greece) · 28 Aug 2026 PMID 42665382
- Chemotherapy-induced CAF-associated stromal remodeling in a humanized stroma pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma organoid xenograft model: a comparison between GP and GS. Human cell · 24 Aug 2026 PMID 42635882
- [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE PRRT and CAPTEM chemotherapy for pancreas and small bowel neuroendocrine tumours: The AGITG CONTROL NETS Multi-centre randomized trial. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) · 16 May 2026 PMID 42142431
Oral Chemotherapy Support (3)
- Long-term Outcomes of OGSG1108: A Supplemental Study of Oral Nutritional Supplementation During Adjuvant S-1 Chemotherapy. Anticancer research · 29 Jul 2026 PMID 42527082
- Machine Learning-based Prediction of Unplanned Acute Care in Outpatients Receiving S-1 Chemotherapy. In vivo (Athens, Greece) · 30 Jun 2026 PMID 42379750
- The Impact of Side Effects on Oral Anticancer Agent Self-Management: Patient Perception of Risks Matters. Oncology nursing forum · 24 Jun 2026 PMID 42341331
Others — Fluoropyrimidine Treatment Across Cancers (5)
- Induction Paclitaxel-Cisplatin-Capecitabine for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. NEJM evidence · 25 Aug 2026 PMID 42640170
- Real-world clinical outcomes of patients with early-stage TNBC and BRCAm who were treated with adjuvant capecitabine in the United States. Breast cancer research and treatment · 12 Aug 2026 PMID 42584742
- Comments on: Cost-effectiveness of DPYD genotyping prior to capecitabine administration for metastatic breast cancer. Breast cancer research and treatment · 26 Jun 2026 PMID 42360572
- Nab-paclitaxel plus S-1 induction chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer: a multicenter, open-label phase 2 study. Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 21 Jun 2026 PMID 42324245
- Fulvestrant versus capecitabine as maintenance therapy in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer after first-line chemotherapy (FAMILY): a multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase 3 trial. Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 21 May 2026 PMID 42168151
By study type
Clinical trials (4)
- Induction Paclitaxel-Cisplatin-Capecitabine for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. NEJM evidence · 25 Aug 2026 PMID 42640170
- Nab-paclitaxel plus S-1 induction chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer: a multicenter, open-label phase 2 study. Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 21 Jun 2026 PMID 42324245
- Fulvestrant versus capecitabine as maintenance therapy in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer after first-line chemotherapy (FAMILY): a multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase 3 trial. Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 21 May 2026 PMID 42168151
- [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE PRRT and CAPTEM chemotherapy for pancreas and small bowel neuroendocrine tumours: The AGITG CONTROL NETS Multi-centre randomized trial. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) · 16 May 2026 PMID 42142431
Observational studies and case reports (8)
- Neoadjuvant Gemcitabine Plus S-1 for Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Propensity Score-matched Study. Anticancer research · 31 Aug 2026 PMID 42674690
- Efficacy of S-1 Monotherapy for Salivary Duct Carcinoma With MYC Amplification. In vivo (Athens, Greece) · 28 Aug 2026 PMID 42665401
- Perioperative Nutritional Changes Predict Adjuvant S-1 Dose Intensity in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer. In vivo (Athens, Greece) · 28 Aug 2026 PMID 42665382
- Real-world clinical outcomes of patients with early-stage TNBC and BRCAm who were treated with adjuvant capecitabine in the United States. Breast cancer research and treatment · 12 Aug 2026 PMID 42584742
- A rare variant in DPYD c.812delT causes severe adverse events of S-1 in a patient with tongue cancer. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 3 Aug 2026 PMID 42545499
- Machine Learning-based Prediction of Unplanned Acute Care in Outpatients Receiving S-1 Chemotherapy. In vivo (Athens, Greece) · 30 Jun 2026 PMID 42379750
- Pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenomic profile of capecitabine and oxaliplatin in a patient with gastric cancer undergoing hemodialysis: a case report. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 13 May 2026 PMID 42126571
- Alternate-day Capecitabine Plus Trastuzumab for Frail HER2-positive Gastric Cancer: A Pilot Case Series. In vivo (Athens, Greece) · 28 Apr 2026 PMID 42049427
Human data, design not indexed (4)
- Long-term Outcomes of OGSG1108: A Supplemental Study of Oral Nutritional Supplementation During Adjuvant S-1 Chemotherapy. Anticancer research · 29 Jul 2026 PMID 42527082
- Dual-drug-loaded lipid-based formulation for colon cancer therapeutics: in vitro optimization and characterization. Drug development and industrial pharmacy · 17 Jul 2026 PMID 42467220
- Comments on: Cost-effectiveness of DPYD genotyping prior to capecitabine administration for metastatic breast cancer. Breast cancer research and treatment · 26 Jun 2026 PMID 42360572
- The Impact of Side Effects on Oral Anticancer Agent Self-Management: Patient Perception of Risks Matters. Oncology nursing forum · 24 Jun 2026 PMID 42341331
Preclinical: animal, cell and lab studies (2)
- Chemotherapy-induced CAF-associated stromal remodeling in a humanized stroma pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma organoid xenograft model: a comparison between GP and GS. Human cell · 24 Aug 2026 PMID 42635882
- PARG Governs a PARylation-Ubiquitination Toggle that Stabilizes RAD51AP1 to Drive Homologous Recombination-Mediated Chemoresistance. Cancer research · 18 Jun 2026 PMID 42314057
Written from 18 PubMed abstracts, each one listed by PMID above. Published: 2026-06-14. Last written: 2026-09-02 by GPT. Corrections: 2026-09-26 by GPT. Drafted by language models from published abstracts; not medical advice.