Interferon gamma (IFNG)
Ifng encodes interferon gamma (IFN-γ), a key pro-inflammatory cytokine produced primarily by activated T cells and natural killer cell.
Ifng encodes interferon gamma (IFN-γ), a key pro-inflammatory cytokine produced primarily by activated T cells and natural killer cell. It is a central mediator of type 1 immune responses, promoting macrophage activation, antigen presentation, and cytotoxic immune function. In biomedical research, Ifng is widely used as a marker of Th1- and Tc1-biased immunity and is frequently measured as an indicator of vaccine immunogenicity, anti-tumor immune activation, and inflammatory disease activity.
Although Ifng is not a structural cellular component in the classical sense, it is often studied in cellular and tissue contexts because its expression reflects immune-cell activation states and immune microenvironment remodeling. Its signaling is closely linked to pathways involving STAT1, antigen presentation, checkpoint regulation, and inflammatory cytokine networks, including IL-2, IL-6, IL-17A, TNF-α, and GM-CSF. In recent studies, Ifng has been repeatedly used as a readout for immune stimulation or suppression across infections, cancer, autoimmunity, and vaccine development.
Where the papers sit
18 papers from the last 6 months study Interferon gamma (IFNG) directly · updated from PubMed 3 Oct 2026
Study type 1 clinical trial · 2 observational · 5 human data · 9 preclinical · 1 unclassified
Themes 4 themes · 1 paradigm shift
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Cancer Immune Signaling
IFN-γ-driven inflammatory signaling is being treated as both a therapeutic lever and a source of treatment resistance. Local interferon delivery, monocyte/IFN combinations and inflammatory-stress screening aim to restore antigen presentation and improve CD8-positive T-cell killing. Conversely, doxorubicin-associated marrow niche damage and context-dependent JAK1 signaling show that these effects can harm normal tissues. Better biomarkers are needed to separate tumor-sensitizing inflammation from tissue injury.
7 papers · 38.9%
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Cytokine-Mediated Immune Responses
Engineered IFN-γ and ICAM1 costimulatory receptors are being used to strengthen tumor-specific T-cell function, while multiplex platforms profile cytokines. The same Th1 circuitry is examined in latent Cryptococcus neoformans infection, where paradoxical activation and CTLA-4 regulation can be protective. Single-cell RNA-seq and cytokine measurements emphasize context-dependent immune states rather than one therapeutic path. Durable tumor control and infection protection remain open questions.
4 papers · 22.2%
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Cuproptosis and Cancer Immunity
Cuproptosis is being linked to antitumor immunity through FDX1, dendritic cells and CD8-positive T cells. This work is moving toward using cuproptosis–immune crosstalk to overcome anti-PD-L1 resistance. The key question is whether inducing this death program can improve immune-cell recruitment and tumor killing. Biomarkers that identify responsive tumors remain unresolved.
2 papers · 11.1%
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Others — Cytokine Biomarkers and Inflammation
Cytokine profiling is being applied across neuroinflammation, aging, alcohol-use treatment response, vaccination and granulomatous skin disease. IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α recur as serum or CSF markers and immune targets, with evidence spanning multi-omics, clinical cohorts and computational design. The work does not converge on one disease or intervention, but trends toward biomarker-guided stratification and pathway-based treatment. Predictive validation and causal mechanisms remain open.
5 papers · 27.8%
IFNG signaling can be a therapeutic liability rather than a uniformly beneficial immune effector
The granuloma annulare and cutaneous sarcoidosis study and the human embryonic stem-cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium transplantation study both challenge the assumption that IFNG-driven immune activation is principally protective. In granulomatous skin disease, IFNG-activated macrophages instead sustain granuloma formation through an OXPHOS–GBP1 response network, while in RPE transplantation an IFNG-rich milieu activates JAK1-dependent HLA expression and antigen presentation, limiting graft survival. These independent findings shift the therapeutic implication from simply augmenting IFNG activity toward selectively inhibiting its downstream signaling when it drives tissue pathology or graft rejection 42213834May 42309064Jun.
Papers
The 18 papers from the last 6 months that study Interferon gamma (IFNG) directly, newest first, by theme and by study type. Study types come from PubMed publication types and MeSH headings.
By theme
Cancer Immune Signaling (7)
- Local delivery of interferon restores antigen presentation and sensitizes medulloblastoma to T cell killing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 14 Sept 2026 PMID 42735303
- Transcriptomic analysis of a phase 1 trial for intraperitoneal monocytes plus IFNs in ovarian cancer reveals support and recruitment of cell-mediated immunity. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 7 Sept 2026 PMID 42705863
- A prognostic risk model based on programmed cell death genes for breast cancer and its potential clinical application. Medicine · 25 Jul 2026 PMID 42499036
- Context-Dependent Cancer Vulnerabilities: CRISPR Screening under Inflammatory Stress. Cancer research · 24 Jul 2026 PMID 42496673
- Paired pre- and post-transplant human immunoprofiling identifies an IFN-γ-JAK1 axis limiting stem-cell-derived RPE engraftment. Cell stem cell · 17 Jun 2026 PMID 42309064
- Vasoactive intestinal peptide associated 8-gene signature with prognostic and immune associations in melanoma. Medicine · 30 May 2026 PMID 42216340
- IFN-γ drives long-term bone marrow niche dysfunction following doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. Blood · 20 Apr 2026 PMID 42008378
Cytokine-Mediated Immune Responses (4)
- Paradoxical Th1 activation and CTLA-4 regulation is beneficial during latent cryptococcosis. mBio · 22 Jul 2026 PMID 42484324
- BIENs: biomimetic interface encoding on Fe3O4@Au nanoplatforms for multiplexed cytokine profiling. Mikrochimica acta · 1 Jul 2026 PMID 42384130
- IFN-γ Engineering Renders Tumor Cells Autonomous and Bystander Tumoricidal Activities. Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 15 May 2026 PMID 42139767
- An ICAM1-Targeting Chimeric Costimulatory Receptor Mimics the Immune Synapse and Enhances Tumor-Specific T-cell Function. Cancer immunology research · 27 Apr 2026 PMID 42043451
Cuproptosis and Cancer Immunity (2)
- Cuproptosis enters the cancer-immunity circuit. Cell · 20 Aug 2026 PMID 42624074
- Cuproptosis-immunity crosstalk informs strategy to overcome immunotherapy resistance. Cell · 22 Jun 2026 PMID 42330950
Others — Cytokine Biomarkers and Inflammation (5)
- The Predictive Value of Tenascin-C, Neopterin and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6) in Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment Response. Addiction biology · 24 Jul 2026 PMID 42494139
- Genetic and epigenetic underpinnings of biological aging: a multi-omics study integrating Mendelian randomization, spatial transcriptomics, and drug target discovery. Clinical epigenetics · 25 Jun 2026 PMID 42343471
- Cytokine levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Brain research · 29 May 2026 PMID 42214536
- A STAT1/ETC/GBP1 axis represents a potential therapeutic target for noncommunicable granulomatous skin disease. Science advances · 29 May 2026 PMID 42213834
- In silico design and immunogenicity evaluation of a multi-epitope vaccine against EV-A71. Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 4 May 2026 PMID 42081143
By study type
Clinical trials (1)
- Transcriptomic analysis of a phase 1 trial for intraperitoneal monocytes plus IFNs in ovarian cancer reveals support and recruitment of cell-mediated immunity. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 7 Sept 2026 PMID 42705863
Observational studies and case reports (2)
- The Predictive Value of Tenascin-C, Neopterin and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6) in Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment Response. Addiction biology · 24 Jul 2026 PMID 42494139
- Cytokine levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Brain research · 29 May 2026 PMID 42214536
Human data, design not indexed (5)
- A prognostic risk model based on programmed cell death genes for breast cancer and its potential clinical application. Medicine · 25 Jul 2026 PMID 42499036
- BIENs: biomimetic interface encoding on Fe3O4@Au nanoplatforms for multiplexed cytokine profiling. Mikrochimica acta · 1 Jul 2026 PMID 42384130
- Vasoactive intestinal peptide associated 8-gene signature with prognostic and immune associations in melanoma. Medicine · 30 May 2026 PMID 42216340
- A STAT1/ETC/GBP1 axis represents a potential therapeutic target for noncommunicable granulomatous skin disease. Science advances · 29 May 2026 PMID 42213834
- In silico design and immunogenicity evaluation of a multi-epitope vaccine against EV-A71. Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 4 May 2026 PMID 42081143
Preclinical: animal, cell and lab studies (9)
- Local delivery of interferon restores antigen presentation and sensitizes medulloblastoma to T cell killing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 14 Sept 2026 PMID 42735303
- Cuproptosis enters the cancer-immunity circuit. Cell · 20 Aug 2026 PMID 42624074
- Context-Dependent Cancer Vulnerabilities: CRISPR Screening under Inflammatory Stress. Cancer research · 24 Jul 2026 PMID 42496673
- Paradoxical Th1 activation and CTLA-4 regulation is beneficial during latent cryptococcosis. mBio · 22 Jul 2026 PMID 42484324
- Cuproptosis-immunity crosstalk informs strategy to overcome immunotherapy resistance. Cell · 22 Jun 2026 PMID 42330950
- Paired pre- and post-transplant human immunoprofiling identifies an IFN-γ-JAK1 axis limiting stem-cell-derived RPE engraftment. Cell stem cell · 17 Jun 2026 PMID 42309064
- IFN-γ Engineering Renders Tumor Cells Autonomous and Bystander Tumoricidal Activities. Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 15 May 2026 PMID 42139767
- An ICAM1-Targeting Chimeric Costimulatory Receptor Mimics the Immune Synapse and Enhances Tumor-Specific T-cell Function. Cancer immunology research · 27 Apr 2026 PMID 42043451
- IFN-γ drives long-term bone marrow niche dysfunction following doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. Blood · 20 Apr 2026 PMID 42008378
Unclassified: not yet indexed with MeSH (1)
- Genetic and epigenetic underpinnings of biological aging: a multi-omics study integrating Mendelian randomization, spatial transcriptomics, and drug target discovery. Clinical epigenetics · 25 Jun 2026 PMID 42343471
Written from 18 PubMed abstracts, each one listed by PMID above. Published: 2026-07-23. Last written: 2026-08-26 by GPT. Drafted by language models from published abstracts; not medical advice.