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GSK3B

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is a serine/threonine protein kinase with broad roles in cell signaling, metabolism, and stress-response pathways.

Where the papers sit

22 papers from the last 6 months study GSK3B directly · updated from PubMed 12 Oct 2026

Study type 0 clinical trials · 3 human data · 17 preclinical · 2 unclassified

Themes 4 themes · 1 new direction

  • Tissue Injury and Aging

    Inflammation, fibrosis and age-related tissue dysfunction recur across brain, heart, liver and ocular models. AKT/GSK3β inhibition or deacetylation is linked to reduced neuroinflammation, myocardial fibrosis, MASH endotheliopathy and ciliary-muscle aging. Alzheimer’s studies add pharmacophore and docking-led searches for inhibitors aimed at tauopathies. The field is moving toward tissue-specific GSK3β modulation, but diverse models and mainly in-silico or preclinical evidence leave clinical benefit unresolved.

    6 papers · 27.3%

  • Cognitive Decline in Aging

    AKT/GSK3β signaling links tau hyperphosphorylation, synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis to cognitive decline. GSK3β inhibition and cistanoside A are being explored to restore cognition in Alzheimer-like models. Quercetin shifts microglial polarization through miR-379-5p in postoperative cognitive dysfunction, while obstructive sleep apnoea work seeks oxygen-related plasma biomarkers. Evidence remains preclinical or pilot-stage, leaving biomarker validation and translation open.

    4 papers · 18.2%

  • Oxidative Stress in Diabetes

    Oxidative stress and apoptosis are the shared injury mechanisms in diabetic kidney and cognitive models. PI3K/Akt/GSK3β modulation is associated with lower BAX, caspase-3 and other apoptotic signals. In the diabetic brain model, the GSK3β/Nrf2 axis and antioxidant response are central, while renal work emphasizes heme oxygenase 1. The direction is toward pathway-targeted cytoprotection, but evidence remains limited to animal studies.

    2 papers · 9.1%

  • Others — Mechanism-Based Drug Discovery

    Computational screening and polypharmacology recur across candidate discovery, spanning fibrosis, ischemic injury, prion toxicity, cancer, Rett syndrome and kinase inhibitor design. Network pharmacology, docking, molecular dynamics and ADMET filtering are used to prioritize mechanisms and compounds. Experimental follow-up links PI3K/AKT, PKC/XIAP and cell-cycle pathways to therapeutic response, while pharmacovigilance highlights CNS and systemic toxicity. The set has no single disease or clinical endpoint, so it is best viewed as exploratory therapeutic discovery.

    10 papers · 45.5%

NEW DIRECTION

GSK3β activation, rather than inhibition, can restore immune-checkpoint sensitivity

Anti-PD-1-refractory tumors were found to respond to pan-PKC inhibition through GSK3β activation, which promoted tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 degradation and enhanced CD8+ T-cell recruitment and function, instead of treating GSK3β inhibition as the therapeutic endpoint. This assigns GSK3β a new role as an effector of immunogenic tumor resensitization in checkpoint-refractory cancer, with the therapeutic implication that activating—not suppressing—GSK3β may help overcome resistance to immunotherapy 42234523Jun.

Papers

The 22 papers from the last 6 months that study GSK3B directly, newest first, by theme and by study type. Study types come from PubMed publication types and MeSH headings.

By theme

Tissue Injury and Aging (6)
  1. Cottonseed Oil Attenuates Traumatic Brain Injury by Inhibiting AKT/GSK-3β-mediated Neuroinflammatory Responses. Molecular neurobiology · 29 Aug 2026 PMID 42668334
  2. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Ameliorates Myocardial Fibrosis in Diabetic Mice Possibly by Modulating SIRT3 to Deacetylate GSK3β and Thereby Reducing the Phosphorylation of Smad3. Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 10 Aug 2026 PMID 42573891
  3. In silico pipeline for GSK 3β inhibitor discovery in Alzheimer's disease using pharmacophore screening, docking, ADME filtering, and MD validation. Scientific reports · 23 Jul 2026 PMID 42493523
  4. Metformin Attenuates Ciliary Muscle Aging by Downregulating GSK-3β to Modulate Cell-Cycle Progression and Autophagy. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 12 May 2026 PMID 42118039
  5. Endothelial Cell Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Promotes Lipotoxic Endotheliopathy and Liver Inflammation in MASH. JCI insight · 5 May 2026 PMID 42084928
  6. A Polypharmacology-Driven Approach to Alzheimer's Disease and Tauopathies: Rational Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Amino-Pyrazole-Based Multikinase (GSK-3β/FYN-α/DYRK1A) Inhibitors. Journal of medicinal chemistry · 29 Apr 2026 PMID 42054438
Cognitive Decline in Aging (4)
  1. Cistanoside A decreases Tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal apoptosis through the AKT/GSK3β pathway in okadaic acid-induced in vivo and in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease. Molecular biology reports · 9 Jul 2026 PMID 42423799
  2. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibition Ameliorates Synaptic and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease-Like Model. Molecular neurobiology · 17 Jun 2026 PMID 42307791
  3. Quercetin Alleviates Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction of Aged Mice by Regulating Microglial Polarization through Inducing miR-379-5p RNA Modification. Molecular neurobiology · 28 May 2026 PMID 42209865
  4. Mild Cognitive Impairment Associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Pilot Study on Oxygen-Related Plasma Biomarkers and Network Analysis. Molecular neurobiology · 21 May 2026 PMID 42168722
Oxidative Stress in Diabetes (2)
  1. Isoorientin inhibits oxidative stress to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mice via GSK3β/Nrf2 axis. Metabolic brain disease · 17 Jul 2026 PMID 42467274
  2. Inotodiol ameliorates oxidative stress and apoptosis by regulating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathways in diabetic nephropathy. Renal failure · 29 Jun 2026 PMID 42367005
Others — Mechanism-Based Drug Discovery (10)
  1. Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of SB216763 in the Therapeutic Intervention of Pulmonary Fibrosis Based on Macrophage Functional Plasticity‌. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology · 18 Aug 2026 PMID 42613038
  2. Mapping Trofinetide Polypharmacology in Rett Syndrome: A Multi-Stage Computational Analysis. Journal of computational chemistry · 30 Jul 2026 PMID 42530159
  3. Fluorinated isoindolinone-amino acid hybrids possessing antiproliferative and antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 21 Jul 2026 PMID 42480152
  4. Chemo-omic pipeline enables discovery of prion synaptotoxic pathways and inhibitory drugs. PLoS pathogens · 18 Jun 2026 PMID 42313800
  5. Targeting XIAP-coordinated PKC signaling resensitizes PD-1-refractory tumors for rechallenge. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 3 Jun 2026 PMID 42234523
  6. Integrated Network Pharmacology and Machine Learning to Reveal the Mechanisms of Schisandrin A Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 1 Jun 2026 PMID 42220063
  7. Nuciferine alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting mPTP opening via activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta pathway. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · 22 May 2026 PMID 42172986
  8. Studies of design, synthesis and biological properties, ADMET profiling, molecular docking, network pharmacology and molecular dynamics simulation of novel chalcone derivatives containing benzoyl-piperazin. Bioorganic chemistry · 21 May 2026 PMID 42166963
  9. From grey relational-network pharmacology screening to mechanism elucidation: 4-methoxy-2- (3-methylethoxyethane) -phenylisobutyrate from Pimpinella diversifolia essential oil alleviates D-GalN/LPS-induced ALI by targeting the GSK-3β/NF-κB axis. Journal of ethnopharmacology · 10 May 2026 PMID 42107750
  10. Divergent neuropsychiatric and systemic toxicity profiles of abemaciclib and palbociclib: a triangulation study integrating pharmacovigilance, genetic epidemiology, and multi-omics profiling. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 6 May 2026 PMID 42091703

By study type

Human data, design not indexed (3)
  1. Mapping Trofinetide Polypharmacology in Rett Syndrome: A Multi-Stage Computational Analysis. Journal of computational chemistry · 30 Jul 2026 PMID 42530159
  2. In silico pipeline for GSK 3β inhibitor discovery in Alzheimer's disease using pharmacophore screening, docking, ADME filtering, and MD validation. Scientific reports · 23 Jul 2026 PMID 42493523
  3. Mild Cognitive Impairment Associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Pilot Study on Oxygen-Related Plasma Biomarkers and Network Analysis. Molecular neurobiology · 21 May 2026 PMID 42168722
Preclinical: animal, cell and lab studies (17)
  1. Cottonseed Oil Attenuates Traumatic Brain Injury by Inhibiting AKT/GSK-3β-mediated Neuroinflammatory Responses. Molecular neurobiology · 29 Aug 2026 PMID 42668334
  2. Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of SB216763 in the Therapeutic Intervention of Pulmonary Fibrosis Based on Macrophage Functional Plasticity‌. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology · 18 Aug 2026 PMID 42613038
  3. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Ameliorates Myocardial Fibrosis in Diabetic Mice Possibly by Modulating SIRT3 to Deacetylate GSK3β and Thereby Reducing the Phosphorylation of Smad3. Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 10 Aug 2026 PMID 42573891
  4. Fluorinated isoindolinone-amino acid hybrids possessing antiproliferative and antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 21 Jul 2026 PMID 42480152
  5. Isoorientin inhibits oxidative stress to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mice via GSK3β/Nrf2 axis. Metabolic brain disease · 17 Jul 2026 PMID 42467274
  6. Cistanoside A decreases Tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal apoptosis through the AKT/GSK3β pathway in okadaic acid-induced in vivo and in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease. Molecular biology reports · 9 Jul 2026 PMID 42423799
  7. Inotodiol ameliorates oxidative stress and apoptosis by regulating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathways in diabetic nephropathy. Renal failure · 29 Jun 2026 PMID 42367005
  8. Chemo-omic pipeline enables discovery of prion synaptotoxic pathways and inhibitory drugs. PLoS pathogens · 18 Jun 2026 PMID 42313800
  9. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibition Ameliorates Synaptic and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease-Like Model. Molecular neurobiology · 17 Jun 2026 PMID 42307791
  10. Targeting XIAP-coordinated PKC signaling resensitizes PD-1-refractory tumors for rechallenge. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 3 Jun 2026 PMID 42234523
  11. Integrated Network Pharmacology and Machine Learning to Reveal the Mechanisms of Schisandrin A Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 1 Jun 2026 PMID 42220063
  12. Quercetin Alleviates Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction of Aged Mice by Regulating Microglial Polarization through Inducing miR-379-5p RNA Modification. Molecular neurobiology · 28 May 2026 PMID 42209865
  13. Nuciferine alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting mPTP opening via activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta pathway. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · 22 May 2026 PMID 42172986
  14. Studies of design, synthesis and biological properties, ADMET profiling, molecular docking, network pharmacology and molecular dynamics simulation of novel chalcone derivatives containing benzoyl-piperazin. Bioorganic chemistry · 21 May 2026 PMID 42166963
  15. Metformin Attenuates Ciliary Muscle Aging by Downregulating GSK-3β to Modulate Cell-Cycle Progression and Autophagy. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 12 May 2026 PMID 42118039
  16. From grey relational-network pharmacology screening to mechanism elucidation: 4-methoxy-2- (3-methylethoxyethane) -phenylisobutyrate from Pimpinella diversifolia essential oil alleviates D-GalN/LPS-induced ALI by targeting the GSK-3β/NF-κB axis. Journal of ethnopharmacology · 10 May 2026 PMID 42107750
  17. A Polypharmacology-Driven Approach to Alzheimer's Disease and Tauopathies: Rational Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Amino-Pyrazole-Based Multikinase (GSK-3β/FYN-α/DYRK1A) Inhibitors. Journal of medicinal chemistry · 29 Apr 2026 PMID 42054438
Unclassified: not yet indexed with MeSH (2)
  1. Divergent neuropsychiatric and systemic toxicity profiles of abemaciclib and palbociclib: a triangulation study integrating pharmacovigilance, genetic epidemiology, and multi-omics profiling. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 6 May 2026 PMID 42091703
  2. Endothelial Cell Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Promotes Lipotoxic Endotheliopathy and Liver Inflammation in MASH. JCI insight · 5 May 2026 PMID 42084928