Cysteine
Cysteine is a sulfur-containing, proteinogenic amino acid characterized by a reactive thiol (–SH) group.
Cysteine is a sulfur-containing, proteinogenic amino acid characterized by a reactive thiol (–SH) group. The thiol enables cysteine to participate in reversible oxidation–reduction reactions, form disulfide bonds that stabilize proteins, and react covalently with electrophilic chemical groups. These properties make cysteine important in protein structure, redox regulation, enzyme catalysis, and the biosynthesis of glutathione. Through thiol-dependent redox chemistry, cysteine is also connected to cellular responses involving reactive oxygen species, mitochondrion function, ferroptosis, and oxidative stress.
In biomedical research, cysteine can therefore function as a metabolite, biomarker, protein residue, chemical reaction handle, or pharmacological target. Cysteine residues in enzymes frequently provide nucleophilic active sites that can be modified by covalent inhibitors. This is especially relevant for cysteine proteases, including ATG4B, viral proteases, and parasite proteases. The supplied literature places cysteine-related work across antibacterial nanomaterials, cancer therapy, metallodrug discovery, viral diagnostics and drug development, parasitology, biomarker research, and biomaterials.
Where the papers sit
10 papers from the last 6 months study cysteine directly · updated from PubMed 1 Nov 2026
Study type 0 clinical trials · 1 observational · 9 preclinical
Themes 3 themes
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Biological Assay Development
Reactive protein-targeting and screening strategies dominate early discovery of inhibitors and diagnostic assays. Covalent compounds target chikungunya nsP2 and ATG4B, while tanespimycin suppresses SARS-CoV-2 main protease and reactive metallo-scaffolds enable proteome-wide target identification. CRISPR/Cas12a detection and QSAR-guided antitrypanosomal design broaden the toolkit beyond direct inhibitor testing. The work favors rapid, structure-informed screening, but does not establish one shared drug class or clinical endpoint.
6 papers · 60%
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Sulfur Amino Acid Biology
Oxidation and metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids link protein stability to clinical prognosis. EvoMut uses methionine, tryptophan, histidine and arginine substitutions to engineer oxidative stability, whereas patient data associate homocysteine, cysteine and methionine with 90-day outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage. Regression and biochemical analysis recur, but the computational and clinical aims remain distinct. The cluster supports design and association questions rather than a shared therapeutic direction.
2 papers · 20%
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Copper–Cysteine Antibacterial Biology
Copper–cysteine chemistry is being connected to antibacterial activity at both material and microbial levels. Copper-cysteine nanoparticles show chirality-dependent killing and cytocompatibility in silk sutures designed to improve wound healing. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, inducible CysK2-mediated cysteine synthesis supports copper resistance, shifting attention toward bacterial adaptation. Together, the work balances exploiting copper toxicity against understanding thiol-based resistance mechanisms, with in vivo efficacy and durability still open.
2 papers · 20%
Papers
The 10 papers from the last 6 months that study cysteine directly, newest first, by theme and by study type. Study types come from PubMed publication types and MeSH headings.
By theme
Biological Assay Development (6)
- Development and evaluation of a single-tube RT-ERA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay for simultaneous detection of enterovirus G and recombinant strains with papain-like cysteine protease gene insertion. Veterinary research communications · 10 Sept 2026 PMID 42720869
- Development of Covalent Inhibitors of Chikungunya Virus nsP2 Cysteine Protease Enabled by Direct-to-Biology Synthesis and Screening. Journal of medicinal chemistry · 10 Sept 2026 PMID 42720489
- Molecular modeling design of antitrypanosomal pyrazolone derivatives targeting Chagas disease: QSAR, docking, molecular dynamics and free energy calculations. Journal of molecular modeling · 9 Sept 2026 PMID 42714666
- Heat Shock Protein Inhibitor Tanespimycin (17AAG) Suppresses SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Activity and Is More Potent Than Clinically Approved Antiviral Nirmatrelvir. Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 14 Aug 2026 PMID 42599674
- Proteome-Wide Target Identification Using Reactive Metallo-Scaffolds (r-mS): A Platform for Metallodrug Discovery. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 10 Jul 2026 PMID 42430191
- Structure-based discovery of a novel small-molecule inhibitor of ATG4B that modulates autophagy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma therapy. Bioorganic chemistry · 1 Jul 2026 PMID 42385395
Sulfur Amino Acid Biology (2)
- EvoMut: A computational framework for engineering oxidative stability in proteins. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 15 Sept 2026 PMID 42741978
- Homocysteine, cysteine and methionine are associated with 90-day prognosis in intracerebral hemorrhage patients. Annals of medicine · 21 Aug 2026 PMID 42626963
Copper–Cysteine Antibacterial Biology (2)
- Chirality-dependent antibacterial activity of copper-cysteine nanoparticles enables functional silk sutures for enhanced wound healing. Biomaterials science · 13 Aug 2026 PMID 42592816
- Inducible cysteine synthesis by CysK2 provides copper resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. mBio · 29 Jul 2026 PMID 42523120
By study type
Observational studies and case reports (1)
- Homocysteine, cysteine and methionine are associated with 90-day prognosis in intracerebral hemorrhage patients. Annals of medicine · 21 Aug 2026 PMID 42626963
Preclinical: animal, cell and lab studies (9)
- EvoMut: A computational framework for engineering oxidative stability in proteins. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 15 Sept 2026 PMID 42741978
- Development and evaluation of a single-tube RT-ERA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay for simultaneous detection of enterovirus G and recombinant strains with papain-like cysteine protease gene insertion. Veterinary research communications · 10 Sept 2026 PMID 42720869
- Development of Covalent Inhibitors of Chikungunya Virus nsP2 Cysteine Protease Enabled by Direct-to-Biology Synthesis and Screening. Journal of medicinal chemistry · 10 Sept 2026 PMID 42720489
- Molecular modeling design of antitrypanosomal pyrazolone derivatives targeting Chagas disease: QSAR, docking, molecular dynamics and free energy calculations. Journal of molecular modeling · 9 Sept 2026 PMID 42714666
- Heat Shock Protein Inhibitor Tanespimycin (17AAG) Suppresses SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Activity and Is More Potent Than Clinically Approved Antiviral Nirmatrelvir. Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 14 Aug 2026 PMID 42599674
- Chirality-dependent antibacterial activity of copper-cysteine nanoparticles enables functional silk sutures for enhanced wound healing. Biomaterials science · 13 Aug 2026 PMID 42592816
- Inducible cysteine synthesis by CysK2 provides copper resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. mBio · 29 Jul 2026 PMID 42523120
- Proteome-Wide Target Identification Using Reactive Metallo-Scaffolds (r-mS): A Platform for Metallodrug Discovery. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 10 Jul 2026 PMID 42430191
- Structure-based discovery of a novel small-molecule inhibitor of ATG4B that modulates autophagy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma therapy. Bioorganic chemistry · 1 Jul 2026 PMID 42385395
Written from 10 PubMed abstracts, each one listed by PMID above. Published: 2026-09-17. Drafted by language models from published abstracts; not medical advice.