Azithromycin
Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of a range of bacterial infections.
Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of a range of bacterial infections. It acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis through binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby suppressing bacterial growth. Clinically, it is valued for its broad antibacterial activity, convenient dosing, and tissue penetration, and it is also studied in formulations designed to improve local delivery and antimicrobial performance.
Beyond its established role as an anti-infective agent, azithromycin continues to be investigated in contexts involving respiratory infection, biofilm-associated disease, and drug resistance. Recent research has also examined its use alongside other therapies such as menadione, doxycycline, cefdinir, and intravenous immunoglobin, as well as in settings where cardiac safety concerns such as QT interval prolongation and comorbid conditions like arterial hypertension, heart failure, and obesity may be relevant to treatment decisions.
Where the papers sit
10 papers from the last 6 months study azithromycin directly · updated from PubMed 5 Oct 2026
Study type 3 clinical trials · 1 observational · 3 human data · 3 preclinical
Themes 3 themes
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Respiratory Antibiotic Care
Azithromycin is being evaluated across pediatric wheezing, uncontrolled asthma, COPD exacerbations, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, with no single clinical direction yet. Studies address epithelial antiviral immunity and comparative effectiveness alongside doxycycline and roflumilast. Resistance, including an rplV insertion in Rickettsia typhi, remains a recurring concern. QT prolongation adds a separate safety question, leaving this cluster broad rather than unified.
6 papers · 60%
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Pseudomonas Infection Treatment
Pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa treatment is moving toward targeted delivery and antibiotic potentiation. Trojan horse azithromycin derivatives aim to improve bacterial uptake, while nano-in-micro powders pair azithromycin with menadione as an adjuvant. Both approaches address difficult pulmonary infection rather than simple drug substitution. Their clinical value remains open pending evidence beyond formulation and preclinical testing.
2 papers · 20%
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Wound Biofilm Eradication
Local engineered therapies are being developed to clear bacterial biofilms while supporting wound healing. Iontophoresis and magnesium oxide fiber films deliver azithromycin at the wound, whereas enzyme-powered PLGA micromotors attack biofilm biomass and limit regrowth. The recurring endpoint is durable Staphylococcus aureus biofilm control rather than transient killing. Translation will depend on sustained activity, tissue compatibility, and performance in complex wounds.
2 papers · 20%
Papers
The 10 papers from the last 6 months that study azithromycin directly, newest first, by theme and by study type. Study types come from PubMed publication types and MeSH headings.
By theme
Respiratory Antibiotic Care (6)
- Comparative effectiveness of azithromycin versus roflumilast in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: emulated target trial. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 5 Aug 2026 PMID 42556860
- Efficacy and safety of Doxycycline versus Macrolides for Mycoplasma pneumoniae INfectiOn in Children (DOMINO): a protocol for a multicentre, randomised, open-label, superiority trial. BMJ open · 26 May 2026 PMID 42191206
- Azithromycin for Preschoolers with Wheezing in the Emergency Department. The New England journal of medicine · 18 May 2026 PMID 42149992
- Azithromycin enhances epithelial antiviral immunity in uncontrolled asthma: results from the AZIMUNE randomised controlled trial. The European respiratory journal · 7 May 2026 PMID 42097684
- QT interval prolongation and its related factors before and after receiving lopinavir-ritonavir in the COVID-19 era: a historical cohort study. Virus research · 1 May 2026 PMID 42067143
- A repetitive nucleotide insertion in the rplV gene is associated with in vitro resistance to azithromycin in Rickettsia typhi. PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 27 Apr 2026 PMID 42044123
Pseudomonas Infection Treatment (2)
- Toward Combating Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection, the Creation of Azithromycin Derivatives Based on a Trojan Horse Strategy. ChemMedChem · 25 Sept 2026 PMID 42788276
- Nano-in-micro dry powder formulations combining azithromycin and menadione as adjuvant against pulmonary P. aeruginosa infections. International journal of pharmaceutics · 7 May 2026 PMID 42097470
Wound Biofilm Eradication (2)
- Iontophoretic-assisted wound-healing using azithromycin and nanoparticulate magnesium oxide embedded fiber coated films. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V · 23 Jun 2026 PMID 42336001
- Enzyme-powered PLGA micromotors for biofilm eradication and long-term regrowth inhibition. International journal of pharmaceutics · 30 May 2026 PMID 42217811
By study type
Clinical trials (3)
- Efficacy and safety of Doxycycline versus Macrolides for Mycoplasma pneumoniae INfectiOn in Children (DOMINO): a protocol for a multicentre, randomised, open-label, superiority trial. BMJ open · 26 May 2026 PMID 42191206
- Azithromycin for Preschoolers with Wheezing in the Emergency Department. The New England journal of medicine · 18 May 2026 PMID 42149992
- Azithromycin enhances epithelial antiviral immunity in uncontrolled asthma: results from the AZIMUNE randomised controlled trial. The European respiratory journal · 7 May 2026 PMID 42097684
Observational studies and case reports (1)
- QT interval prolongation and its related factors before and after receiving lopinavir-ritonavir in the COVID-19 era: a historical cohort study. Virus research · 1 May 2026 PMID 42067143
Human data, design not indexed (3)
- Toward Combating Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection, the Creation of Azithromycin Derivatives Based on a Trojan Horse Strategy. ChemMedChem · 25 Sept 2026 PMID 42788276
- Comparative effectiveness of azithromycin versus roflumilast in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: emulated target trial. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 5 Aug 2026 PMID 42556860
- A repetitive nucleotide insertion in the rplV gene is associated with in vitro resistance to azithromycin in Rickettsia typhi. PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 27 Apr 2026 PMID 42044123
Preclinical: animal, cell and lab studies (3)
- Iontophoretic-assisted wound-healing using azithromycin and nanoparticulate magnesium oxide embedded fiber coated films. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V · 23 Jun 2026 PMID 42336001
- Enzyme-powered PLGA micromotors for biofilm eradication and long-term regrowth inhibition. International journal of pharmaceutics · 30 May 2026 PMID 42217811
- Nano-in-micro dry powder formulations combining azithromycin and menadione as adjuvant against pulmonary P. aeruginosa infections. International journal of pharmaceutics · 7 May 2026 PMID 42097470
Written from 10 PubMed abstracts, each one listed by PMID above. Published: 2026-06-15. Last written: 2026-08-27 by GPT. Drafted by language models from published abstracts; not medical advice.