Antibody-drug conjugate
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a class of targeted cancer therapeutics that combine the antigen-binding specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the cytotoxic potency of small-molecule payloads, typically linked via a chemical linker.
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a class of targeted cancer therapeutics that combine the antigen-binding specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the cytotoxic potency of small-molecule payloads, typically linked via a chemical linker. By directing cytotoxic agents — such as camptothecin derivatives or tubulin inhibitors — to tumour-associated antigens expressed on cancer cell surfaces, ADCs aim to selectively kill malignant cells while minimizing systemic toxicity compared to conventional chemotherapy. The canonical ADC architecture consists of three components: a tumour-associated antigen-specific antibody, a cleavable or non-cleavable linker, and a cytotoxic payload that disrupts key cellular mechanisms such as mitosis and DNA replication. Upon antigen binding and internalization, cleavable linkers may be cleaved in the lysosomal compartment, whereas non-cleavable ADCs undergo lysosomal degradation of the antibody, releasing an active drug–amino-acid catabolite intracellularly. This "Trojan horse" mechanism enables delivery of highly potent agents — often too toxic for systemic administration alone — at therapeutically relevant concentrations within the tumour microenvironment.
Over the past decade, ADCs have transitioned from a niche concept to a central pillar of oncology drug development. As of the mid-2020s, twelve ADCs have received FDA approval spanning hematologic malignancies and solid tumours, including breast cancer, urothelial carcinoma, cervical cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Their clinical success has prompted broad investigation into next-generation designs featuring novel payloads, site-specific conjugation chemistries, optimized drug-to-antibody ratios (DARs), and combination strategies alongside bispecific T-cell engagers, checkpoint inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, and Cdk4/6 inhibitors.
Where the papers sit
14 papers from the last 6 months study antibody-drug conjugate directly · updated from PubMed 11 Oct 2026
Study type 1 clinical trial · 1 observational · 3 human data · 8 preclinical · 1 unclassified
Themes 3 themes
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Targeted ADCs in Advanced Cancer
Targeted ADCs are expanding beyond pretreated triple-negative breast cancer into uterine, prostate and pancreatic cancers. Sacituzumab govitecan and other TROP2-directed agents anchor clinical work, with progression-free survival and real-world treatment outcomes recurring endpoints. Combination therapy and new targets such as CDCP1 are being explored alongside monotherapy. The field is moving toward precision delivery, but efficacy across tumor types and treatment settings remains uneven.
7 papers · 50%
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HER2-Targeted Breast Cancer Therapy
HER2-directed treatment is moving toward biomarker-guided ADC selection and rational combination strategies. Spatial proteogenomics and mass cytometry are being used to identify resistance and sensitization states in HER2-positive disease. Tucidinostat, H3K27ac-linked regulation and HER2 inhibitors point to epigenetic and signaling changes that may improve response. Conjugation platforms and EGFR-targeting broaden the delivery technology, but their clinical role remains less defined.
4 papers · 28.6%
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ADC Clinical Development and Delivery
ADC development is focusing on managing unexpected toxicity while improving how these drugs reach patients. Promiscuous payload activity, linker stability, exposure and cytotoxicity are recurring safety concerns during clinical development. Subcutaneous delivery is being engineered as an alternative to intravenous administration, with convenience and pharmacokinetics still to establish. Clinical-trial design and risk assessment remain central to translating these improvements into practice.
3 papers · 21.4%
Papers
The 14 papers from the last 6 months that study antibody-drug conjugate directly, newest first, by theme and by study type. Study types come from PubMed publication types and MeSH headings.
By theme
Targeted ADCs in Advanced Cancer (7)
- Exploring trop-2-directed ADCs monotherapy and combination therapy in pretreated mTNBC: a real-world study. Breast cancer research and treatment · 9 Sept 2026 PMID 42714605
- CDCP1-targeted antibody-drug conjugates and immunocytokines for cancer therapy. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 16 Aug 2026 PMID 42604889
- The KRAS targeting revolution in metastatic pancreatic cancer: insights from the landmark RASolute-302 trial and emerging allele-specific strategies at ASCO 2026. Journal of hematology & oncology · 8 Aug 2026 PMID 42571010
- Combine antibody-drug conjugate with cmLumiOpto for triple-negative breast cancer treatment. Cell reports. Medicine · 24 Jul 2026 PMID 42497865
- Development of a novel humanized monoclonal antibody and efficacy profiling of site-directed antibody-drug conjugates for precision targeted therapy of CLDN18.2-positive cancers. Bioorganic chemistry · 28 Jun 2026 PMID 42365672
- A Phase II Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Sacituzumab Govitecan in Patients with Recurrent Uterine Cancer. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 14 May 2026 PMID 42132892
- Novel therapeutic strategies for metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer: Beyond androgen receptor pathway inhibition (Review). International journal of oncology · 17 Apr 2026 PMID 41992975
HER2-Targeted Breast Cancer Therapy (4)
- Spatial proteogenomic profiling uncovers sensitization strategies for antibody-drug conjugate in HER2-positive breast cancer. Cell reports. Medicine · 13 Aug 2026 PMID 42594874
- EGFR-targeting ADCs: From oncogene addiction to antigen-guided drug delivery. Cancer cell · 13 Aug 2026 PMID 42594872
- Modular Assembly of Bioconjugates Enabled by a Pyridine-Based Chemoselective Sequential Conjugation Platform. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 8 Jul 2026 PMID 42417250
- Navigating first- and second-line treatment options in HR+HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. The oncologist · 10 Jun 2026 PMID 42266036
ADC Clinical Development and Delivery (3)
- A framework for evaluating unexpected reactions in antibody-drug conjugates during clinical development: a case study of a promiscuous payload. mAbs · 16 Sept 2026 PMID 42745381
- Q&A: Timothy Yap on Clinical Trials and Drug Development. Cancer discovery · 23 Jul 2026 PMID 42488995
- Engineering the subcutaneous delivery of antibody-drug conjugates. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 19 Apr 2026 PMID 42002047
By study type
Clinical trials (1)
- A Phase II Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Sacituzumab Govitecan in Patients with Recurrent Uterine Cancer. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 14 May 2026 PMID 42132892
Observational studies and case reports (1)
- Exploring trop-2-directed ADCs monotherapy and combination therapy in pretreated mTNBC: a real-world study. Breast cancer research and treatment · 9 Sept 2026 PMID 42714605
Human data, design not indexed (3)
- The KRAS targeting revolution in metastatic pancreatic cancer: insights from the landmark RASolute-302 trial and emerging allele-specific strategies at ASCO 2026. Journal of hematology & oncology · 8 Aug 2026 PMID 42571010
- Q&A: Timothy Yap on Clinical Trials and Drug Development. Cancer discovery · 23 Jul 2026 PMID 42488995
- Novel therapeutic strategies for metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer: Beyond androgen receptor pathway inhibition (Review). International journal of oncology · 17 Apr 2026 PMID 41992975
Preclinical: animal, cell and lab studies (8)
- A framework for evaluating unexpected reactions in antibody-drug conjugates during clinical development: a case study of a promiscuous payload. mAbs · 16 Sept 2026 PMID 42745381
- CDCP1-targeted antibody-drug conjugates and immunocytokines for cancer therapy. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 16 Aug 2026 PMID 42604889
- Spatial proteogenomic profiling uncovers sensitization strategies for antibody-drug conjugate in HER2-positive breast cancer. Cell reports. Medicine · 13 Aug 2026 PMID 42594874
- EGFR-targeting ADCs: From oncogene addiction to antigen-guided drug delivery. Cancer cell · 13 Aug 2026 PMID 42594872
- Combine antibody-drug conjugate with cmLumiOpto for triple-negative breast cancer treatment. Cell reports. Medicine · 24 Jul 2026 PMID 42497865
- Modular Assembly of Bioconjugates Enabled by a Pyridine-Based Chemoselective Sequential Conjugation Platform. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 8 Jul 2026 PMID 42417250
- Development of a novel humanized monoclonal antibody and efficacy profiling of site-directed antibody-drug conjugates for precision targeted therapy of CLDN18.2-positive cancers. Bioorganic chemistry · 28 Jun 2026 PMID 42365672
- Engineering the subcutaneous delivery of antibody-drug conjugates. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 19 Apr 2026 PMID 42002047
Unclassified: not yet indexed with MeSH (1)
- Navigating first- and second-line treatment options in HR+HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. The oncologist · 10 Jun 2026 PMID 42266036
Written from 14 PubMed abstracts, each one listed by PMID above. Published: 2026-06-15. Last written: 2026-09-18 by GPT. Corrections: 2026-09-26 by GPT. Drafted by language models from published abstracts; not medical advice.