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Insulin

Insulin is a 51-amino acid peptide hormone synthesized and secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans.

Where the papers sit

25 papers from the last 6 months study insulin directly · updated from PubMed 8 Oct 2026

Study type 2 clinical trials · 5 observational · 4 human data · 13 preclinical · 1 unclassified

Themes one subject · 1 new direction

Those 25 are all about one subject.

  • Diabetes Management and Treatment

    Diabetes management is the shared focus, spanning home-care decision support, insulin initiation, perioperative glycaemic practice and comparative treatment outcomes. Delivery research seeks longer-acting or less invasive options through oral insulin nanoparticles, gastric devices and glucose-responsive injectable crystals. Clinical studies also track cognitive disorders, myocardial injury, coronary risk, readmission and the economic burden of diabetes. The cluster is broad, with no single therapeutic direction dominating.

    25 papers

NEW DIRECTION

Insulin is presented as a brain-mediated regulator of blood pressure, not only as a glucose-lowering treatment

The study of acute treadmill exercise and intranasal insulin in aging adults with obesity and cardiometabolic risk assumes that insulin’s principal relevance is glycemic control, but found that insulin delivered to the nose also affects blood pressure through brain action and that acute exercise reduces the resulting blood-pressure elevation without altering glucose responses. This extends insulin’s role into exercise-sensitive neurovascular regulation and makes blood-pressure control, rather than glucose lowering alone, a therapeutic outcome to investigate 42295834Jun.

Papers

The 25 papers from the last 6 months that study insulin directly, newest first, by theme and by study type. Study types come from PubMed publication types and MeSH headings.

By theme

Diabetes Management and Treatment (25)
  1. Effects of a Digital Decision Support System on Diabetes Management in a Real-World Home Care Setting: Prospective Quasi-Experimental Feasibility and Implementation Study. JMIR nursing · 24 Sept 2026 PMID 42784804
  2. Westernized diet related arachidonic acid metabolism expands DNA error-prone growth factor-dependent colonic quiescent stem cells in adolescent mice. Cell death & disease · 14 Sept 2026 PMID 42736265
  3. Betaine-Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles Enhance Oral Insulin Delivery via pH-Triggered Charge Switching, Mucus Penetration, and Lysosomal Escape. Molecular pharmaceutics · 7 Sept 2026 PMID 42704124
  4. A self-triggering and fully sustainable gastric device enabling long-acting oral delivery of macromolecules. Science advances · 28 Aug 2026 PMID 42664334
  5. Antidiabetic medications and risk of cognitive disorders in type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study. PloS one · 24 Aug 2026 PMID 42636218
  6. Enhanced mitigation of diabetic myocardial injury in rats via modulating the adiponectin/IRS-1/PI3K/p-AKT/FOXO-1 signaling by combining methotrexate and insulin. Molecular biology reports · 22 Aug 2026 PMID 42631883
  7. Mussel-Inspired Membrane Encapsulation Strategy for Developing Long-Acting Glucose-Responsive Injectable Insulin Crystals. Journal of the American Chemical Society · 20 Aug 2026 PMID 42619117
  8. suPAR Identifies Treatment-Resistant Inflammatory Risk Beyond hs-CRP in Type 2 Diabetes With Coronary Artery Disease: An Ancillary Analysis of BARI 2D. Diabetes care · 11 Aug 2026 PMID 42579565
  9. Time to Insulin Initiation Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Second-Line Antidiabetic Drugs. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 7 Aug 2026 PMID 42563367
  10. Association of glucose-lowering agents with readmission risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacological research · 6 Aug 2026 PMID 42562084
  11. Economic Burden of Type 1 Diabetes in France. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 30 Jul 2026 PMID 42533268
  12. Real-world comparative effectiveness of analogue and human insulin on glycemic control in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes in Lebanon using continuous glucose monitoring data. Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 16 Jul 2026 PMID 42460849
  13. Variation and knowledge translation gaps in day-of-surgery glycaemic management by anaesthesiologists: a qualitative exploration of a quality gap in Canadian hospitals. BMJ open · 15 Jul 2026 PMID 42457420
  14. Development of zein-based nanoparticles for oral co-delivery of insulin and liraglutide and preliminary in vivo evaluation in Danio rerio. International journal of biological macromolecules · 13 Jul 2026 PMID 42442575
  15. Sustained insulin-delivery as a growth factor for modulating oral mucosa healing: A case series. Archives of oral biology · 11 Jul 2026 PMID 42435695
  16. Dual carboxylic ionization driven MCC/MAA/IA hydrogels for enhanced oral insulin delivery. International journal of pharmaceutics · 6 Jul 2026 PMID 42409191
  17. Design and evaluation of a pump-free ultrasonic atomization-driven hollow microneedle array for transdermal drug delivery. International journal of pharmaceutics · 3 Jul 2026 PMID 42398635
  18. Insulin complexation with curcumin derivative mitigates the protein amyloidosis and efficiently manages diabetes in Drosophila melanogaster. International journal of biological macromolecules · 22 Jun 2026 PMID 42331169
  19. Metrics and insulin variations in women with type 1 diabetes on automated insulin delivery system during strict peripartum period. Acta diabetologica · 22 Jun 2026 PMID 42329278
  20. Acute exercise reduces intranasal insulin-mediated elevations in blood pressure in aging adults with cardiometabolic risk. American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 15 Jun 2026 PMID 42295834
  21. A dual-microneedle system for integrated continuous glucose monitoring and feedback insulin delivery. International journal of pharmaceutics · 12 Jun 2026 PMID 42285381
  22. Preparation and characterization polyethylene Glycol @ Alginate-Chitosan nanocomposite tailored for oral insulin delivery. Journal of biotechnology · 3 Jun 2026 PMID 42235852
  23. Insights into the Structural Coexistence of Hexameric States in Microcrystalline Insulin Formulations in the Solid State. Molecular pharmaceutics · 28 May 2026 PMID 42206399
  24. A glucose-responsive dual-nanoparticle-hydrogel-based microneedle patch for co-delivery of insulin and exendin-4. Biomaterials science · 18 May 2026 PMID 42148925
  25. Genetically engineered Spirulina plantensis producing human insulin as a potential novel oral drug delivery carrier. Biomaterials science · 7 May 2026 PMID 42093398

By study type

Clinical trials (2)
  1. suPAR Identifies Treatment-Resistant Inflammatory Risk Beyond hs-CRP in Type 2 Diabetes With Coronary Artery Disease: An Ancillary Analysis of BARI 2D. Diabetes care · 11 Aug 2026 PMID 42579565
  2. Acute exercise reduces intranasal insulin-mediated elevations in blood pressure in aging adults with cardiometabolic risk. American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 15 Jun 2026 PMID 42295834
Observational studies and case reports (5)
  1. Effects of a Digital Decision Support System on Diabetes Management in a Real-World Home Care Setting: Prospective Quasi-Experimental Feasibility and Implementation Study. JMIR nursing · 24 Sept 2026 PMID 42784804
  2. Antidiabetic medications and risk of cognitive disorders in type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study. PloS one · 24 Aug 2026 PMID 42636218
  3. Economic Burden of Type 1 Diabetes in France. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 30 Jul 2026 PMID 42533268
  4. Real-world comparative effectiveness of analogue and human insulin on glycemic control in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes in Lebanon using continuous glucose monitoring data. Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 16 Jul 2026 PMID 42460849
  5. Metrics and insulin variations in women with type 1 diabetes on automated insulin delivery system during strict peripartum period. Acta diabetologica · 22 Jun 2026 PMID 42329278
Human data, design not indexed (4)
  1. Association of glucose-lowering agents with readmission risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacological research · 6 Aug 2026 PMID 42562084
  2. Variation and knowledge translation gaps in day-of-surgery glycaemic management by anaesthesiologists: a qualitative exploration of a quality gap in Canadian hospitals. BMJ open · 15 Jul 2026 PMID 42457420
  3. Sustained insulin-delivery as a growth factor for modulating oral mucosa healing: A case series. Archives of oral biology · 11 Jul 2026 PMID 42435695
  4. Insights into the Structural Coexistence of Hexameric States in Microcrystalline Insulin Formulations in the Solid State. Molecular pharmaceutics · 28 May 2026 PMID 42206399
Preclinical: animal, cell and lab studies (13)
  1. Westernized diet related arachidonic acid metabolism expands DNA error-prone growth factor-dependent colonic quiescent stem cells in adolescent mice. Cell death & disease · 14 Sept 2026 PMID 42736265
  2. Betaine-Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles Enhance Oral Insulin Delivery via pH-Triggered Charge Switching, Mucus Penetration, and Lysosomal Escape. Molecular pharmaceutics · 7 Sept 2026 PMID 42704124
  3. A self-triggering and fully sustainable gastric device enabling long-acting oral delivery of macromolecules. Science advances · 28 Aug 2026 PMID 42664334
  4. Enhanced mitigation of diabetic myocardial injury in rats via modulating the adiponectin/IRS-1/PI3K/p-AKT/FOXO-1 signaling by combining methotrexate and insulin. Molecular biology reports · 22 Aug 2026 PMID 42631883
  5. Mussel-Inspired Membrane Encapsulation Strategy for Developing Long-Acting Glucose-Responsive Injectable Insulin Crystals. Journal of the American Chemical Society · 20 Aug 2026 PMID 42619117
  6. Development of zein-based nanoparticles for oral co-delivery of insulin and liraglutide and preliminary in vivo evaluation in Danio rerio. International journal of biological macromolecules · 13 Jul 2026 PMID 42442575
  7. Dual carboxylic ionization driven MCC/MAA/IA hydrogels for enhanced oral insulin delivery. International journal of pharmaceutics · 6 Jul 2026 PMID 42409191
  8. Design and evaluation of a pump-free ultrasonic atomization-driven hollow microneedle array for transdermal drug delivery. International journal of pharmaceutics · 3 Jul 2026 PMID 42398635
  9. Insulin complexation with curcumin derivative mitigates the protein amyloidosis and efficiently manages diabetes in Drosophila melanogaster. International journal of biological macromolecules · 22 Jun 2026 PMID 42331169
  10. A dual-microneedle system for integrated continuous glucose monitoring and feedback insulin delivery. International journal of pharmaceutics · 12 Jun 2026 PMID 42285381
  11. Preparation and characterization polyethylene Glycol @ Alginate-Chitosan nanocomposite tailored for oral insulin delivery. Journal of biotechnology · 3 Jun 2026 PMID 42235852
  12. A glucose-responsive dual-nanoparticle-hydrogel-based microneedle patch for co-delivery of insulin and exendin-4. Biomaterials science · 18 May 2026 PMID 42148925
  13. Genetically engineered Spirulina plantensis producing human insulin as a potential novel oral drug delivery carrier. Biomaterials science · 7 May 2026 PMID 42093398
Unclassified: not yet indexed with MeSH (1)
  1. Time to Insulin Initiation Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Second-Line Antidiabetic Drugs. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 7 Aug 2026 PMID 42563367
bioLLM/wiki is a literature-navigation aid for people who read primary research. It is not a medical resource, and it is not a substitute for a clinician, a pharmacist or the source papers themselves. Because the articles are drafted by language models, they can be incomplete or wrong in ways that read fluently. Please see the editorial policy and medical disclaimer before relying on anything here.

Written from 25 PubMed abstracts, each one listed by PMID above. Published: 2026-08-02. Last written: 2026-09-26 by GPT. Drafted by language models from published abstracts; not medical advice.