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Exosome

Extracellular exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by cells into the extracellular space and found in many body fluids, including human plasma, urine, and nipple discharge.

Where the papers sit

31 papers from the last 6 months study exosome directly · updated from PubMed 1 Nov 2026

Study type 1 clinical trial · 9 human data · 18 preclinical · 3 unclassified

Themes one subject · 1 paradigm shift · 1 new direction

Those 31 are all about one subject.

  • Extracellular Vesicle Applications

    Exosome research spans regenerative therapy, drug delivery, disease biology, infection, and liquid-biopsy detection. Therapeutic studies use stem-cell, milk-derived, and engineered vesicles to influence ferroptosis, inflammation, tissue repair, and antimicrobial responses, including miR-149-3p/NOX2 and PEBP1-linked mechanisms. Other work tracks exosomal lncRNA or miRNA signaling and Rab27a-mediated viral transmission. Imaging, electrochemical, and smartphone assays are extending extracellular vesicles toward practical monitoring, but the field remains broad rather than convergent.

    31 papers

PARADIGM SHIFT

Exosomes can be disease-amplifying effectors rather than merely therapeutic carriers

The hepatocellular carcinoma study and the hypertrophic-scarring study both challenge the set’s predominantly reparative framing of exosomes. In hepatocellular carcinoma, tumor-derived EVs carrying MSTRG171708 reprogram regulatory T cells toward glycolysis, enhance immunosuppression, and promote lung metastasis; in hypertrophic scarring, TGF-β1-stimulated keratinocyte exosomes transfer LINC01605 to fibroblasts and amplify profibrotic TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Together, these independent disease models show that exosomes can actively drive pathology, so therapeutic use cannot assume that exosomal signaling is intrinsically beneficial or that the vesicles are merely passive delivery vehicles 42726156Sep 42320250Jun.

NEW DIRECTION

Exosomes can function as infectious vehicles for productive viral transmission

The Tembusu virus study gives exosomes a role absent from the other papers: TMUV-infected cells release exosomes containing viral genomic RNA and viral proteins, which enter recipient cells, suppress antiviral immune genes, and support productive infection through an NS4A–Rab27a-dependent mechanism. This extends exosomes beyond therapeutic delivery, biomarker detection, or host-cell signaling to direct transmission of an infectious agent 42572027Aug.

Papers

The 31 papers from the last 6 months that study exosome directly, newest first, by theme and by study type. Study types come from PubMed publication types and MeSH headings.

By theme

Extracellular Vesicle Applications (31)
  1. Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate otitis media in C57BL/6 mice via the miR-149-3p/NOX2 axis. Redox biology · 12 Oct 2026 PMID 42863262
  2. Clinical safety and preliminary efficacy of allogeneic human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived exosomes in patients with acute ischaemic stroke: protocol of a phase I/II clinical trial in China. BMJ open · 16 Sept 2026 PMID 42749369
  3. AT1R-mediated NIR-II/PA imaging-guided iCM exosome therapy for myocardial ischemia revascularization. Science advances · 11 Sept 2026 PMID 42726851
  4. HDCA suppresses exosomal lncRNA MSTRG171708 release to inhibit Treg-mediated immunometabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma. Molecular biomedicine · 11 Sept 2026 PMID 42726156
  5. Resveratrol-loaded human dental pulp stem cell-derived exosomes enhance the efficacy of blue LED-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against mature cariogenic biofilms. Lasers in medical science · 11 Sept 2026 PMID 42726144
  6. Beyond traditional biopsy: integrating liquid biopsy, molecular panels, and advanced imaging techniques in thyroid cancer management. Endokrynologia Polska · 11 Sept 2026 PMID 42725427
  7. Exosomal miR-22-3p targets p53 to regulate endometrial epithelial cell function in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Journal of molecular histology · 4 Sept 2026 PMID 42693330
  8. Oral Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Drug Delivery System for Neuroinflammatory Diseases. ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 3 Sept 2026 PMID 42690904
  9. PEBP1 Regulates Ferroptosis in Acute Glaucoma: Targeted Therapy Using Engineered Exosomes. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 3 Sept 2026 PMID 42687852
  10. Brown and white adipocyte like cells derived exosomes differentially regulate stemness, hormone secretion, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism in model cells. PloS one · 1 Sept 2026 PMID 42678968
  11. Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Age-Related Insomnia in Rats by Suppressing Neuronal Ferroptosis in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus. Neurochemical research · 28 Aug 2026 PMID 42663757
  12. 3D-printed biomimetic scaffolds integrated with exosomes from injury-preconditioned hUCMSCs promote brain tissue repair via neuroprotection and neurogenesis. Journal of materials chemistry. B · 25 Aug 2026 PMID 42638487
  13. TGα2β-modified adipose-derived stem cell exosomes regulate collagen synthesis in fibroblasts and enhance chronic ulcerative wound repair through the ILK/AKT signaling pathway. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 23 Aug 2026 PMID 42633542
  14. Ternary MOF-PEDOT: PSS/AuNPs nanocomposite for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of extracellular vesicles. Mikrochimica acta · 18 Aug 2026 PMID 42611334
  15. Exosomes mediate intercellular transmission of Tembusu virus via the NS4A-Rab27a axis. Veterinary research · 9 Aug 2026 PMID 42572027
  16. A portable smartphone-based fluorescence biosensing strategy for exosome detection. Nanotechnology · 28 Jul 2026 PMID 42520835
  17. Investigation of the healing effects of phenylboronic acid and exosome on the TGF-β-Smad/REDD1 pathway in aspartame-induced liver damage in BALB/c type mice. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 21 Jul 2026 PMID 42480151
  18. Extracellular vesicles from inflammatory-primed stromal cells reduce in vitro inflammation in Sandhoff disease model. Scientific reports · 11 Jul 2026 PMID 42436308
  19. Keratinocyte-derived exosomes serve as an active messenger platform for LINC01605 to amplify TGF-β1-induced fibroblasts activation. International immunopharmacology · 19 Jun 2026 PMID 42320250
  20. Aging impact on canine extracellular vesicles production, size, and miRNA content. Veterinary research communications · 19 Jun 2026 PMID 42319614
  21. Extracellular vesicles in nipple discharge for breast cancer screening. Breast cancer research and treatment · 17 Jun 2026 PMID 42307695
  22. EVs-MSC alleviate RA progression via USP21-dependent BRD2 stabilization to regulate autophagy in FLS. Biochemical pharmacology · 16 Jun 2026 PMID 42302977
  23. 3D-printed PCL/nHA/SA/COL loaded with M2 macrophage-derived exosomes alleviates the senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. International immunopharmacology · 11 Jun 2026 PMID 42275920
  24. Mammary tumors-derived exosomes induce striatal NF-κB signaling, microglial reactivity, and anxiety/depression-like behaviors. Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2 Jun 2026 PMID 42229702
  25. Multiplexed Peptide-Based Fluorescent Probe Platform for Analysis of HER2-Positive Exosomal Membrane Proteins. Analytical chemistry · 29 May 2026 PMID 42215863
  26. Digital droplet microfluidics integrating DNA walkers and CRISPR-Cas13a for simultaneous surface protein and miRNA profiling in single exosomes. Biosensors & bioelectronics · 29 May 2026 PMID 42214852
  27. A one-step electrochemical strategy for rapid exosome detection using Cu2+-coordinated DNA nanoparticles. Biosensors & bioelectronics · 29 May 2026 PMID 42214850
  28. Bioinspired polydopamine interfacial engineering of plant-derived exosomes enhances doxorubicin bioactivity in 2D and 3D breast cancer models. Biomaterials advances · 27 May 2026 PMID 42202649
  29. Exosomal CD73 from endometrial regenerative cells confers protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in kidney transplantation. Biochemical pharmacology · 20 May 2026 PMID 42162765
  30. Menstrual Blood Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as Modulators of Apoptosis, Migration and Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer Cells. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 20 May 2026 PMID 42159846
  31. Exosomal miR-124 from M2 macrophages protects against hypertensive cardiac remodeling through suppression of Calpain-1. International immunopharmacology · 8 May 2026 PMID 42102612

By study type

Clinical trials (1)
  1. Clinical safety and preliminary efficacy of allogeneic human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived exosomes in patients with acute ischaemic stroke: protocol of a phase I/II clinical trial in China. BMJ open · 16 Sept 2026 PMID 42749369
Human data, design not indexed (9)
  1. Resveratrol-loaded human dental pulp stem cell-derived exosomes enhance the efficacy of blue LED-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against mature cariogenic biofilms. Lasers in medical science · 11 Sept 2026 PMID 42726144
  2. Brown and white adipocyte like cells derived exosomes differentially regulate stemness, hormone secretion, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism in model cells. PloS one · 1 Sept 2026 PMID 42678968
  3. Ternary MOF-PEDOT: PSS/AuNPs nanocomposite for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of extracellular vesicles. Mikrochimica acta · 18 Aug 2026 PMID 42611334
  4. A portable smartphone-based fluorescence biosensing strategy for exosome detection. Nanotechnology · 28 Jul 2026 PMID 42520835
  5. Extracellular vesicles in nipple discharge for breast cancer screening. Breast cancer research and treatment · 17 Jun 2026 PMID 42307695
  6. Multiplexed Peptide-Based Fluorescent Probe Platform for Analysis of HER2-Positive Exosomal Membrane Proteins. Analytical chemistry · 29 May 2026 PMID 42215863
  7. Digital droplet microfluidics integrating DNA walkers and CRISPR-Cas13a for simultaneous surface protein and miRNA profiling in single exosomes. Biosensors & bioelectronics · 29 May 2026 PMID 42214852
  8. A one-step electrochemical strategy for rapid exosome detection using Cu2+-coordinated DNA nanoparticles. Biosensors & bioelectronics · 29 May 2026 PMID 42214850
  9. Bioinspired polydopamine interfacial engineering of plant-derived exosomes enhances doxorubicin bioactivity in 2D and 3D breast cancer models. Biomaterials advances · 27 May 2026 PMID 42202649
Preclinical: animal, cell and lab studies (18)
  1. Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate otitis media in C57BL/6 mice via the miR-149-3p/NOX2 axis. Redox biology · 12 Oct 2026 PMID 42863262
  2. AT1R-mediated NIR-II/PA imaging-guided iCM exosome therapy for myocardial ischemia revascularization. Science advances · 11 Sept 2026 PMID 42726851
  3. HDCA suppresses exosomal lncRNA MSTRG171708 release to inhibit Treg-mediated immunometabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma. Molecular biomedicine · 11 Sept 2026 PMID 42726156
  4. Exosomal miR-22-3p targets p53 to regulate endometrial epithelial cell function in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Journal of molecular histology · 4 Sept 2026 PMID 42693330
  5. Oral Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Drug Delivery System for Neuroinflammatory Diseases. ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 3 Sept 2026 PMID 42690904
  6. PEBP1 Regulates Ferroptosis in Acute Glaucoma: Targeted Therapy Using Engineered Exosomes. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 3 Sept 2026 PMID 42687852
  7. Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Age-Related Insomnia in Rats by Suppressing Neuronal Ferroptosis in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus. Neurochemical research · 28 Aug 2026 PMID 42663757
  8. 3D-printed biomimetic scaffolds integrated with exosomes from injury-preconditioned hUCMSCs promote brain tissue repair via neuroprotection and neurogenesis. Journal of materials chemistry. B · 25 Aug 2026 PMID 42638487
  9. TGα2β-modified adipose-derived stem cell exosomes regulate collagen synthesis in fibroblasts and enhance chronic ulcerative wound repair through the ILK/AKT signaling pathway. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 23 Aug 2026 PMID 42633542
  10. Exosomes mediate intercellular transmission of Tembusu virus via the NS4A-Rab27a axis. Veterinary research · 9 Aug 2026 PMID 42572027
  11. Investigation of the healing effects of phenylboronic acid and exosome on the TGF-β-Smad/REDD1 pathway in aspartame-induced liver damage in BALB/c type mice. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 21 Jul 2026 PMID 42480151
  12. Keratinocyte-derived exosomes serve as an active messenger platform for LINC01605 to amplify TGF-β1-induced fibroblasts activation. International immunopharmacology · 19 Jun 2026 PMID 42320250
  13. Aging impact on canine extracellular vesicles production, size, and miRNA content. Veterinary research communications · 19 Jun 2026 PMID 42319614
  14. 3D-printed PCL/nHA/SA/COL loaded with M2 macrophage-derived exosomes alleviates the senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. International immunopharmacology · 11 Jun 2026 PMID 42275920
  15. Mammary tumors-derived exosomes induce striatal NF-κB signaling, microglial reactivity, and anxiety/depression-like behaviors. Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2 Jun 2026 PMID 42229702
  16. Exosomal CD73 from endometrial regenerative cells confers protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in kidney transplantation. Biochemical pharmacology · 20 May 2026 PMID 42162765
  17. Menstrual Blood Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as Modulators of Apoptosis, Migration and Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer Cells. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 20 May 2026 PMID 42159846
  18. Exosomal miR-124 from M2 macrophages protects against hypertensive cardiac remodeling through suppression of Calpain-1. International immunopharmacology · 8 May 2026 PMID 42102612
Unclassified: not yet indexed with MeSH (3)
  1. Beyond traditional biopsy: integrating liquid biopsy, molecular panels, and advanced imaging techniques in thyroid cancer management. Endokrynologia Polska · 11 Sept 2026 PMID 42725427
  2. Extracellular vesicles from inflammatory-primed stromal cells reduce in vitro inflammation in Sandhoff disease model. Scientific reports · 11 Jul 2026 PMID 42436308
  3. EVs-MSC alleviate RA progression via USP21-dependent BRD2 stabilization to regulate autophagy in FLS. Biochemical pharmacology · 16 Jun 2026 PMID 42302977
bioLLM/wiki is a literature-navigation aid for people who read primary research. It is not a medical resource, and it is not a substitute for a clinician, a pharmacist or the source papers themselves. Because the articles are drafted by language models, they can be incomplete or wrong in ways that read fluently. Please see the editorial policy and medical disclaimer before relying on anything here.

Written from 31 PubMed abstracts, each one listed by PMID above. Published: 2026-06-18. Last written: 2026-09-18 by GPT. Drafted by language models from published abstracts; not medical advice.