Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
Cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4, commonly abbreviated CYP3A4, is a major human drug-metabolizing enzyme in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily.
Cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4, commonly abbreviated CYP3A4, is a major human drug-metabolizing enzyme in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily. It plays a central role in the oxidative metabolism of a wide range of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics, including many clinically used drugs. As a hepatic and intestinal enzyme, CYP3A4 is one of the most important determinants of drug clearance, interindividual variability in exposure, and susceptibility to drug–drug interactions.
Functionally, CYP3A4 operates within the broader cytochrome P450 (CYP) catalytic system and requires electrons supplied by P450 oxidoreductase (POR) for its catalytic cycle. In biomedical research, CYP3A4 is frequently used as a marker of metabolic capacity and as a key target in studies of pharmacokinetics, enzyme inhibition, and drug safety. It is also closely studied alongside related enzymes such as CYP3A5, CYP2C19, CYP2B6, and CYP1A2, as well as transporters such as ABCB1, because these proteins collectively shape drug disposition and therapeutic response.
Where the papers sit
10 papers from the last 6 months study Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) directly · updated from PubMed 3 Oct 2026
Study type 1 clinical trial · 1 observational · 5 human data · 3 preclinical
Themes 3 themes
-
CYP3A4 Drug Interaction Prediction
PBPK models are being refined to quantify CYP3A4-mediated drug-drug interactions and the fraction of clearance attributable to CYP3A4. Simvastatin, simvastatin acid, midazolam, siponimod and ziftomenib anchor comparisons with clinical data, inhibitors and grapefruit juice. The recurring goal is to replace isolated interaction studies with model-based prediction of exposure and fmCYP3A4. Agreement with clinical observations is encouraging, but compound-specific metabolism and inhibitor effects remain open.
4 papers · 40%
-
Cytochrome P450 Interaction Screening
CYP inhibition work is moving toward integrated prediction and confirmation across enzymes, substrates and clinical exposure. DeepCYP models pathway, site and product outcomes, while microsome and clinical studies test inhibitors such as polyphyllin VII and bemnifosbuvir across CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4. The shared endpoint is earlier identification of metabolic liabilities and drug-drug interaction risk. Experimental breadth and clinical validation remain necessary because in vitro inhibition does not always predict patient exposure.
3 papers · 30%
-
Others — Cancer Biology and Pharmacology
Breast-cancer niche biology, CYP3A pharmacogenetics and doxorubicin delivery appear here as separate translational lines. The cancer study links PROM1+SMAD5+ tumor-initiating cells to premetastatic niches through spatial multi-omics and tumor-microenvironment signaling. A separate pharmacogenetic study tests CYP3A-related variants using the 4β-hydroxycholesterol/cholesterol ratio, while polymer micelles seek to improve oral doxorubicin absorption. These topics share a pharmacology-and-cancer context but do not support one common direction.
3 papers · 30%
Papers
The 10 papers from the last 6 months that study Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) directly, newest first, by theme and by study type. Study types come from PubMed publication types and MeSH headings.
By theme
CYP3A4 Drug Interaction Prediction (4)
- Verification of a Physiologically-based Pharmacokinetic Model for Predicting CYP3A4-mediated Simvastatin and Simvastatin Acid Drug-drug Interactions. The AAPS journal · 10 Sept 2026 PMID 42717157
- A Practical Alternative to Refine the Estimate of fmCYP3A4 and Evaluate Drug-Drug Interaction Potential for Ziftomenib Using PBPK Modeling to Inform Labeling. CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2 Sept 2026 PMID 42682186
- PBPK Modeling and Clinical Data Reveal Reduced Impact of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 Inhibitors on Elimination of Siponimod. Clinical and translational science · 27 Jun 2026 PMID 42364973
- An Effective and Systematic Strategy for Metabolic Profiling of Golvatinib In Vitro by Combining UHPLC-MS/MS and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS. Journal of separation science · 29 May 2026 PMID 42210592
Cytochrome P450 Interaction Screening (3)
- DeepCYP: an integrated deep learning web server for the holistic "pathway-site product" prediction of CYP450 metabolism. Nucleic acids research · 19 May 2026 PMID 42152517
- Inhibitory effects of polyphyllin VII on cytochrome P450 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 in human liver microsomes. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics · 4 May 2026 PMID 42081961
- In Vitro and Clinical Evaluation of Potential Interactions of Bemnifosbuvir with Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes. Journal of clinical pharmacology · 29 Apr 2026 PMID 42053458
Others — Cancer Biology and Pharmacology (3)
- The PROM1+SMAD5+ Tumor-Initiating Subpopulation Shapes Premetastatic Niches through Spatial Multi-Omics Landscapes in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancer communications (London, England) · 10 Sept 2026 PMID 42718887
- Candidate-gene-based study of CYP3A-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms using 4β-hydroxycholesterol/cholesterol ratio as biomarker in a Japanese cohort. European journal of clinical pharmacology · 19 Jun 2026 PMID 42319470
- Multi-functional purine nucleoside-modified chitosan polymer micelles for improving the oral absorption of doxorubicin based on nucleoside transporter mediation. International journal of pharmaceutics · 14 Jun 2026 PMID 42289209
By study type
Clinical trials (1)
- In Vitro and Clinical Evaluation of Potential Interactions of Bemnifosbuvir with Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes. Journal of clinical pharmacology · 29 Apr 2026 PMID 42053458
Observational studies and case reports (1)
- Candidate-gene-based study of CYP3A-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms using 4β-hydroxycholesterol/cholesterol ratio as biomarker in a Japanese cohort. European journal of clinical pharmacology · 19 Jun 2026 PMID 42319470
Human data, design not indexed (5)
- Verification of a Physiologically-based Pharmacokinetic Model for Predicting CYP3A4-mediated Simvastatin and Simvastatin Acid Drug-drug Interactions. The AAPS journal · 10 Sept 2026 PMID 42717157
- A Practical Alternative to Refine the Estimate of fmCYP3A4 and Evaluate Drug-Drug Interaction Potential for Ziftomenib Using PBPK Modeling to Inform Labeling. CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2 Sept 2026 PMID 42682186
- PBPK Modeling and Clinical Data Reveal Reduced Impact of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 Inhibitors on Elimination of Siponimod. Clinical and translational science · 27 Jun 2026 PMID 42364973
- DeepCYP: an integrated deep learning web server for the holistic "pathway-site product" prediction of CYP450 metabolism. Nucleic acids research · 19 May 2026 PMID 42152517
- Inhibitory effects of polyphyllin VII on cytochrome P450 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 in human liver microsomes. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics · 4 May 2026 PMID 42081961
Preclinical: animal, cell and lab studies (3)
- The PROM1+SMAD5+ Tumor-Initiating Subpopulation Shapes Premetastatic Niches through Spatial Multi-Omics Landscapes in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancer communications (London, England) · 10 Sept 2026 PMID 42718887
- Multi-functional purine nucleoside-modified chitosan polymer micelles for improving the oral absorption of doxorubicin based on nucleoside transporter mediation. International journal of pharmaceutics · 14 Jun 2026 PMID 42289209
- An Effective and Systematic Strategy for Metabolic Profiling of Golvatinib In Vitro by Combining UHPLC-MS/MS and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS. Journal of separation science · 29 May 2026 PMID 42210592
Written from 10 PubMed abstracts, each one listed by PMID above. Published: 2026-07-11. Last written: 2026-09-12 by GPT. Drafted by language models from published abstracts; not medical advice.