Cyclosporine
Cyclosporine, also called ciclosporin or cyclosporine A (CsA), is a cyclic peptide immunosuppressant and calcineurin-inhibiting drug.
Cyclosporine, also called ciclosporin or cyclosporine A (CsA), is a cyclic peptide immunosuppressant and calcineurin-inhibiting drug. After binding to cyclophilin, it inhibits calcineurin-dependent activation of T lymphocytes and reduces transcription of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and other immune-signaling mediators. Through this pathway, cyclosporine suppresses components of both cellular and adaptive immune responses and can reduce production of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).
Cyclosporine is used systemically and topically. Its topical ophthalmic applications are particularly relevant to dry eye disease and keratoconjunctivitis sicca, where treatment is intended to modulate ocular-surface inflammation while limiting systemic exposure. The recent literature also examines cyclosporine in immune-mediated skin and gastrointestinal disease, as well as delivery technologies such as hydrogels, nanostructured lipid carriers, and biodegradable implants. These studies extend the broad theme of cyclosporine therapeutic studies into localized treatment, sustained release, and salvage immunosuppression.
Where the papers sit
11 papers from the last 6 months study cyclosporine directly · updated from PubMed 5 Oct 2026
Study type 2 clinical trials · 4 observational · 2 human data · 3 preclinical
Themes one subject · 1 paradigm shift
Those 11 are all about one subject.
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Cyclosporine Therapeutic Research
Cyclosporine research ranges from topical treatment of dry eye and punctal stenosis to pulmonary delivery, acute colitis, pemphigoid, and veterinary keratitis. Formulation efforts increasingly target sustained, localized exposure through nanoparticles, hydrogels, and implants. Clinical reports support rescue immunosuppression, but efficacy and immune-response findings remain indication-specific. A few papers address unrelated sequencing and food chemistry, leaving no single overall direction.
Cyclosporine succeeds where corticosteroid-based treatment fails in otherwise refractory disease
Ocrelizumab-induced colitis and infantile bullous pemphigoid were both refractory to conventional corticosteroid-based management, yet ciclosporin produced effective salvage treatment: it controlled steroid-refractory colitis in the ocrelizumab-treated patient and induced remission in the infant with treatment-refractory bullous pemphigoid. This independently repeated finding across two distinct diseases changes the practical assumption that escalation of the established corticosteroid approach is sufficient, positioning cyclosporine as an effective rescue strategy when that approach fails 42486658Jul 42118732May.
Papers
The 11 papers from the last 6 months that study cyclosporine directly, newest first, by theme and by study type. Study types come from PubMed publication types and MeSH headings.
By theme
Cyclosporine Therapeutic Research (11)
- Comparative study on the clinical effectiveness of low-concentration cyclosporine eye drops in patients with dry eye disease. PloS one · 28 Sept 2026 PMID 42804440
- The effect of 0.1% topical ciclosporin a for 12-weeks on the ocular surface innate and adaptive immune response in dry eye disease: protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial. Annals of medicine · 19 Sept 2026 PMID 42762229
- Anterior segment OCT-based assessment of efficacy of topical cyclosporine in edematous punctal stenosis. International ophthalmology · 10 Sept 2026 PMID 42720832
- Inhalable solid lipid nanoparticles of cyclosporine A for prolonged pulmonary exposure: nano-in-micro particles prepared with fine droplet drying process. International journal of pharmaceutics · 9 Aug 2026 PMID 42571807
- Optimization and formulation of cyclosporine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for the management of dry eye syndrome by using centre composite design approaches. International ophthalmology · 30 Jul 2026 PMID 42533216
- Bidirectional thermo-switch hydrogels with size-selective diffusion for programmable delivery of medicines. International journal of pharmaceutics · 28 Jul 2026 PMID 42521062
- Ocrelizumab-induced colitis acutely managed with ciclosporin. BMJ case reports · 22 Jul 2026 PMID 42486658
- A Sustained-Release Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Poly L-Lactide-Co-DL-Lactide (TPU/PLDLA) Cyclosporine-A Implant for the Treatment of Canine Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca: A Retrospective Case Series. Veterinary ophthalmology · 27 May 2026 PMID 42192580
- Infantile bullous pemphigoid refractory to corticosteroids: Response to cyclosporine. Archivos argentinos de pediatria · 12 May 2026 PMID 42118732
- Continental-scale genomic surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum malaria across sub-Saharan Africa with rapid nanopore sequencing. Nature communications · 11 May 2026 PMID 42115168
- Investigation of the three pectin fractions variation impact on the Maillard reaction in dried crabapple storage. International journal of biological macromolecules · 7 May 2026 PMID 42092660
By study type
Clinical trials (2)
- Comparative study on the clinical effectiveness of low-concentration cyclosporine eye drops in patients with dry eye disease. PloS one · 28 Sept 2026 PMID 42804440
- The effect of 0.1% topical ciclosporin a for 12-weeks on the ocular surface innate and adaptive immune response in dry eye disease: protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial. Annals of medicine · 19 Sept 2026 PMID 42762229
Observational studies and case reports (4)
- Anterior segment OCT-based assessment of efficacy of topical cyclosporine in edematous punctal stenosis. International ophthalmology · 10 Sept 2026 PMID 42720832
- Ocrelizumab-induced colitis acutely managed with ciclosporin. BMJ case reports · 22 Jul 2026 PMID 42486658
- A Sustained-Release Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Poly L-Lactide-Co-DL-Lactide (TPU/PLDLA) Cyclosporine-A Implant for the Treatment of Canine Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca: A Retrospective Case Series. Veterinary ophthalmology · 27 May 2026 PMID 42192580
- Infantile bullous pemphigoid refractory to corticosteroids: Response to cyclosporine. Archivos argentinos de pediatria · 12 May 2026 PMID 42118732
Human data, design not indexed (2)
- Optimization and formulation of cyclosporine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for the management of dry eye syndrome by using centre composite design approaches. International ophthalmology · 30 Jul 2026 PMID 42533216
- Continental-scale genomic surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum malaria across sub-Saharan Africa with rapid nanopore sequencing. Nature communications · 11 May 2026 PMID 42115168
Preclinical: animal, cell and lab studies (3)
- Inhalable solid lipid nanoparticles of cyclosporine A for prolonged pulmonary exposure: nano-in-micro particles prepared with fine droplet drying process. International journal of pharmaceutics · 9 Aug 2026 PMID 42571807
- Bidirectional thermo-switch hydrogels with size-selective diffusion for programmable delivery of medicines. International journal of pharmaceutics · 28 Jul 2026 PMID 42521062
- Investigation of the three pectin fractions variation impact on the Maillard reaction in dried crabapple storage. International journal of biological macromolecules · 7 May 2026 PMID 42092660
Written from 11 PubMed abstracts, each one listed by PMID above. Published: 2026-09-21. Drafted by language models from published abstracts; not medical advice.