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Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)

Angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a membrane-associated protein best known as a key regulator of the renin–angiotensin system and as the cellular receptor used by SARS-CoV-2 for entry into host cells.

Where the papers sit

10 papers from the last 6 months study Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) directly · updated from PubMed 10 Oct 2026

Study type 0 clinical trials · 1 observational · 7 human data · 2 preclinical

Themes 3 themes · 1 paradigm shift

  • ACE2-Targeted Antiviral Strategies

    ACE2 is being used both as a viral-entry target and as a delivery handle against SARS-CoV-2. Proposed approaches include IL-27 gene therapy, virtual-screened entry inhibitors, and ACE2-PNA conjugates that exploit endocytosis for intracellular antiviral activity. Virus-like particles provide a related platform for displaying or delivering protein-lipid constructs. Evidence remains largely preclinical, leaving durability across variants and in vivo efficacy unresolved.

    4 papers · 40%

  • Antibody Escape in SARS-CoV-2

    Antibody design is shifting toward forecasting escape rather than testing existing antibodies only after variants emerge. Deep mutational scanning and machine learning map receptor-binding-domain substitutions that weaken polyclonal serum recognition. Iterative prediction and experiments aim to keep antibody combinations effective against new variants. The open challenge is translating escape maps into durable combination therapies with reliable protection against unforeseen mutations.

    3 papers · 30%

  • Others — ACE2-Linked Disease Biology

    ACE2-linked disease biology spans obesity-related cardiovascular and reproductive dysfunction, preeclampsia-associated protein changes, and IgA nephropathy. High-fat-diet models connect ACE2 downregulation with weight gain, glucose intolerance, and adverse cardiac or pregnancy outcomes. Clinical biomarker and computational studies extend the association to preeclampsia and renal immune pathways. The findings do not establish one shared mechanism or therapeutic direction across these conditions.

    3 papers · 30%

PARADIGM SHIFT

ACE2 can be used as an antiviral delivery handle rather than only blocked as a viral-entry receptor

The SARS-CoV-2 ACE2–PNA receptor-drug conjugate study and the SARS-CoV-2 spike-pseudotyped-lentivirus study of ACE2-targeted IL-27 gene therapy treated ACE2 as a route for directing antiviral cargo, not merely as an entry point to inhibit 42545604Aug 42435246Jul. The ACE2–PNA conjugate preserved soluble ACE2’s extracellular neutralization, was selectively internalized into infected cells through virus-mediated endocytosis, and delivered a protease-resistant antiviral PNA, while the IL-27 study tested ACE2-targeted versus nontargeted delivery in prevention and treatment regimens. Together, these studies replace the assumption that effective ACE2-directed intervention must obstruct receptor engagement: ACE2 can instead be exploited to concentrate or transport antiviral payloads to virus-exposed or infected cells.

Papers

The 10 papers from the last 6 months that study Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) directly, newest first, by theme and by study type. Study types come from PubMed publication types and MeSH headings.

By theme

ACE2-Targeted Antiviral Strategies (4)
  1. ACE2-PNA conjugates exploit viral endocytosis for targeted intracellular delivery and exhibit dual antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. Molecular biomedicine · 3 Aug 2026 PMID 42545604
  2. Targeted IL-27-based gene therapy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 entry. Molecular biology reports · 11 Jul 2026 PMID 42435246
  3. Ligand-Based Pharmacophore Modeling and Structure-Based Virtual Screening for Identifying Potential Therapeutic Agents Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-ACE2 Receptor Interaction. ChemMedChem · 22 May 2026 PMID 42174382
  4. Bottom-Up Creation of Virus-like Particles via Post-Insertion of Protein-Lipid Conjugates. ACS synthetic biology · 20 May 2026 PMID 42160665
Antibody Escape in SARS-CoV-2 (3)
  1. Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 antibody resilience via prediction and design of escape viral variants. Cell systems · 17 Jul 2026 PMID 42468530
  2. Combining machine learning and iterative experiments to keep pace with emerging viral variants of concern. PLoS computational biology · 17 Jun 2026 PMID 42308256
  3. Dissecting serum polyclonal antibody escape to SARS-CoV-2 variants by deep mutational learning. Cell reports methods · 24 Apr 2026 PMID 42030951
Others — ACE2-Linked Disease Biology (3)
  1. ACE2 downregulation contributes to adverse cardiovascular and reproductive outcomes in female mice on high-fat diet. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 8 Sept 2026 PMID 42710476
  2. A case-control study of mid-pregnancy circulating cardiovascular proteins in women with subsequent preeclampsia and small for gestational age births. Scientific reports · 6 Jul 2026 PMID 42409921
  3. Identification of pyroptosis-related hub genes and immune cell infiltration in IgA nephropathy via bioinformatics analysis. Renal failure · 15 May 2026 PMID 42135973

By study type

Observational studies and case reports (1)
  1. A case-control study of mid-pregnancy circulating cardiovascular proteins in women with subsequent preeclampsia and small for gestational age births. Scientific reports · 6 Jul 2026 PMID 42409921
Human data, design not indexed (7)
  1. Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 antibody resilience via prediction and design of escape viral variants. Cell systems · 17 Jul 2026 PMID 42468530
  2. Targeted IL-27-based gene therapy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 entry. Molecular biology reports · 11 Jul 2026 PMID 42435246
  3. Combining machine learning and iterative experiments to keep pace with emerging viral variants of concern. PLoS computational biology · 17 Jun 2026 PMID 42308256
  4. Ligand-Based Pharmacophore Modeling and Structure-Based Virtual Screening for Identifying Potential Therapeutic Agents Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-ACE2 Receptor Interaction. ChemMedChem · 22 May 2026 PMID 42174382
  5. Bottom-Up Creation of Virus-like Particles via Post-Insertion of Protein-Lipid Conjugates. ACS synthetic biology · 20 May 2026 PMID 42160665
  6. Identification of pyroptosis-related hub genes and immune cell infiltration in IgA nephropathy via bioinformatics analysis. Renal failure · 15 May 2026 PMID 42135973
  7. Dissecting serum polyclonal antibody escape to SARS-CoV-2 variants by deep mutational learning. Cell reports methods · 24 Apr 2026 PMID 42030951
Preclinical: animal, cell and lab studies (2)
  1. ACE2 downregulation contributes to adverse cardiovascular and reproductive outcomes in female mice on high-fat diet. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 8 Sept 2026 PMID 42710476
  2. ACE2-PNA conjugates exploit viral endocytosis for targeted intracellular delivery and exhibit dual antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. Molecular biomedicine · 3 Aug 2026 PMID 42545604