Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)
FLT3 (FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3), also known as CD135, is a receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the FLT3 gene and expressed primarily on hematopoietic progenitor cells.
FLT3 (FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3), also known as CD135, is a receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the FLT3 gene and expressed primarily on hematopoietic progenitor cells. It plays an important role in normal blood cell development by transmitting signals that regulate proliferation, survival, and differentiation. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), FLT3 is one of the most clinically important signaling proteins because activating alterations can drive malignant growth and are associated with aggressive disease biology.
Pathogenic FLT3 alterations include internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) and other activating mutations that lead to constitutive kinase signaling. These aberrations can promote downstream pathways such as STAT5A, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), and Protein kinase B (PKB), contributing to leukemic cell survival and expansion. Because of this central role in AML pathogenesis, FLT3 has become a major therapeutic target, and multiple FLT3 inhibitors are used or investigated in mutation-defined AML subsets.
Where the papers sit
11 papers from the last 6 months study Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) directly · updated from PubMed 3 Oct 2026
Study type 1 clinical trial · 2 observational · 2 human data · 4 preclinical · 2 unclassified
Themes 3 themes · 1 new direction
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FLT3-Targeted AML Therapy
FLT3-targeted treatment in relapsed or refractory AML is moving beyond single-agent gilteritinib toward resistance-directed combinations and post-transplant maintenance. XY0206 and nintedanib address FLT3-dependent resistance, including the F691L gatekeeper mutation, while adaptor-mediated p38 MAPK signaling remains a resistance mechanism. Inobrodib combined with gilteritinib and venetoclax is aimed at leukemia stem cells in epigenetically mutated AML. Prognostic FLT3 expression and real-world maintenance outcomes keep molecular selection and remission durability as key endpoints.
7 papers · 63.6%
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Dual Kinase Inhibition in Leukemia
Dual-kinase inhibition is being explored as a way to broaden FLT3-directed activity in myeloid leukemia. The work pairs FLT3 targeting with SYK or TAK1 pathway inhibition and includes a SYK-HDAC inhibitor strategy. ATP-pocket mapping and structural modeling are used to explain binding and guide potency. Whether these combinations improve selectivity and durable leukemia control remains unresolved in this small preclinical literature.
2 papers · 18.2%
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FLT3 AML Detection and Inhibition
FLT3-mutated AML is being approached through both peritransplant molecular surveillance and improved inhibitor design. Targeted NGS and PCR-based monitoring track molecular MRD and relapse risk around allogeneic transplantation. In parallel, docking and molecular-dynamics studies seek modified FLT3 inhibitors with stronger binding stability and inhibition. The cluster does not establish a shared clinical direction, but links relapse detection with therapeutic optimization.
2 papers · 18.2%
FLT3-targeted drugs acquire a distinct inflammatory-signaling role through TAK1 cross-reactivity
The FLT3-and-TAK1 structural study 42151107May challenges the assumption that FLT3 inhibitors act only through their intended hematopoietic FLT3 target in AML. It found that several clinically used FLT3 inhibitors bind and inhibit TAK1, a structurally related active-site counterpart involved in inflammatory MAPK signaling, with effects detectable in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This gives FLT3-targeted agents a role outside FLT3-mutant leukemia treatment: they may also modulate inflammatory signaling, while TAK1 cross-reactivity becomes both a potential therapeutic opportunity and a consideration in interpreting their clinical effects.
Papers
The 11 papers from the last 6 months that study Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) directly, newest first, by theme and by study type. Study types come from PubMed publication types and MeSH headings.
By theme
FLT3-Targeted AML Therapy (7)
- XY0206 targets FLT3-dependent resistance states in acute myeloid leukemia. The Journal of clinical investigation · 1 Sept 2026 PMID 42678731
- Adaptor-mediated rewiring of FLT3 signaling engages p38 MAPK to sustain gilteritinib resistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia · 29 Jul 2026 PMID 42527666
- Real-world experience with gilteritinib maintenance following allogeneic transplantation in relapsed/refractory AML patients harboring FLT3 mutations. Blood research · 2 Jun 2026 PMID 42230462
- P300/CBP inhibition with inobrodib in combination with gilteritinib and venetoclax targets leukemia stem cells in epigenetic mutant AML. Science advances · 15 May 2026 PMID 42139346
- CD135 (FLT3 receptor) expression as an indicator of prognosis in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Annals of hematology · 1 May 2026 PMID 42067641
- Nintedanib is a potent FLT3 inhibitor with activity against FLT3-ITD and overcomes the gatekeeper F691L resistance mutation in acute myeloid leukemia. European journal of pharmacology · 26 Apr 2026 PMID 42035942
- Phase I/II Trial of the FLT3 Kinase Inhibitor XY0206 in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia. European journal of haematology · 22 Apr 2026 PMID 42015516
Dual Kinase Inhibition in Leukemia (2)
- Dual SYK-HDAC Inhibitor Elicits Striking Efficacy against Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Rational Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. Journal of medicinal chemistry · 9 Jun 2026 PMID 42262889
- Mapping the ATP-Binding Pockets of FLT3 and TAK1: A Structural Basis for Dual Inhibition by FLT3-Targeted Therapies. ACS chemical biology · 18 May 2026 PMID 42151107
FLT3 AML Detection and Inhibition (2)
- Peritransplant molecular MRD monitoring by targeted NGS in patients with FLT3-ITD-mutated acute myeloid leukemia. Blood advances · 9 Jun 2026 PMID 42263741
- Rational design and comparative docking and simulation of modified FLT3 inhibitors: a study on enhanced binding stability and inhibition potency. Journal of molecular modeling · 17 May 2026 PMID 42144504
By study type
Clinical trials (1)
- Phase I/II Trial of the FLT3 Kinase Inhibitor XY0206 in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia. European journal of haematology · 22 Apr 2026 PMID 42015516
Observational studies and case reports (2)
- Peritransplant molecular MRD monitoring by targeted NGS in patients with FLT3-ITD-mutated acute myeloid leukemia. Blood advances · 9 Jun 2026 PMID 42263741
- CD135 (FLT3 receptor) expression as an indicator of prognosis in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Annals of hematology · 1 May 2026 PMID 42067641
Human data, design not indexed (2)
- Mapping the ATP-Binding Pockets of FLT3 and TAK1: A Structural Basis for Dual Inhibition by FLT3-Targeted Therapies. ACS chemical biology · 18 May 2026 PMID 42151107
- Rational design and comparative docking and simulation of modified FLT3 inhibitors: a study on enhanced binding stability and inhibition potency. Journal of molecular modeling · 17 May 2026 PMID 42144504
Preclinical: animal, cell and lab studies (4)
- Adaptor-mediated rewiring of FLT3 signaling engages p38 MAPK to sustain gilteritinib resistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia · 29 Jul 2026 PMID 42527666
- Dual SYK-HDAC Inhibitor Elicits Striking Efficacy against Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Rational Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. Journal of medicinal chemistry · 9 Jun 2026 PMID 42262889
- P300/CBP inhibition with inobrodib in combination with gilteritinib and venetoclax targets leukemia stem cells in epigenetic mutant AML. Science advances · 15 May 2026 PMID 42139346
- Nintedanib is a potent FLT3 inhibitor with activity against FLT3-ITD and overcomes the gatekeeper F691L resistance mutation in acute myeloid leukemia. European journal of pharmacology · 26 Apr 2026 PMID 42035942
Unclassified: not yet indexed with MeSH (2)
- XY0206 targets FLT3-dependent resistance states in acute myeloid leukemia. The Journal of clinical investigation · 1 Sept 2026 PMID 42678731
- Real-world experience with gilteritinib maintenance following allogeneic transplantation in relapsed/refractory AML patients harboring FLT3 mutations. Blood research · 2 Jun 2026 PMID 42230462
Written from 11 PubMed abstracts, each one listed by PMID above. Published: 2026-06-15. Last written: 2026-08-27 by GPT. Drafted by language models from published abstracts; not medical advice.